The bacterium Helicobacter pylori colonize the stomach in approximately half of the world’s population. Infection with this bacterium is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Besides being a pathogen with worldwide prevalence, H. pylori show increasingly high antibiotic resistance rates, making the development of new therapeutic strategies against this bacterium challenging. Furthermore, H. pylori is a genetically diverse bacterium, which may be influenced by the presence of mobile genomic elements, including prophages. In this review, we analyze these issues and summarize various reports and findings related to phages and H. pylori , discussing the relationship between the presence of these elements and the genomic diversity, virulence, and fitness of this bacterium. We also analyze the state of the knowledge on the potential utility of bacteriophages as a therapeutic strategy for H. pylori .
Background Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric carcinogen that is highly prevalent in Latin American. The prophages of H. pylori show a structured population and contribute to the diversity of this bacterium. However, H. pylori prophages present in American strains have not been described to date. In this study, we identified, characterized, and present the phylogenetic analysis of the prophages present in Colombian H. pylori strains. Methods To characterize Colombian H. pylori strains and their prophages, a Multilocus Sequences Typing (MLST) and a Prophage Sequences Typing (PST), using the integrase and holin genes, were performed. Furthermore, five Colombian H. pylori had their full genome sequenced, and six Colombian H.pylori retrieved from databases, allowing to determine the prophage complete genome and insertion site. Results The integrase gene frequency was 12.6% (27/213), while both integrase and holin genes were present in 4.2% (9/213) of the samples analyzed. The PST analysis showed that Colombian prophages belong to different populations, including hpSWEurope, hpNEurope, hpAfrica1, and a new population, named hpColombia. The MLST analysis classified most of the Colombia strains in the hpEurope population. Conclusions The new H. pylori prophage population revealed that Colombian prophages follow a unique evolutionary trajectory, contributing to bacterial diversity. The global H. pylori prophage phylogeny highlighted five phylogenetic groups, one more than previously reported. After the arrival of Europeans, the Colombian H. pylori bacteria and their prophages formed an independent evolutionary line to adapt to the new environment and new human hosts.
Listeria monocytogenes en manipuladores de alimentos Contribución de los autores:Ángela Bibiana Muñoz y José Antonio Chaves escribieron el proyecto para financiación y procesaron las muestras clínicas. Ángela Bibiana Muñoz hizo el análisis estadístico. Edna Catering Rodríguez hizo el montaje e interpretación de pruebas de sensibilidad antibiótica. María Elena Realpe revisó el proyecto. Todos los autores participaron en la toma de muestras clínicas y en la revisión del documento. ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Biomédica 2013;33:283-91 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i2.716 Listeria monocytogenes en manipuladores de alimentos: un nuevo enfoque para tener en cuenta en los peligros de la industria alimentaria Introducción. Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos constituyen un problema sanitario de alto impacto. Listeria monocytogenes se asocia frecuentemente con contaminación de alimentos lácteos y cárnicos. Vigilar su presencia en varios puntos de esta producción, es vital para controlar la diseminación del microorganismo. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de L. monocytogenes en manipuladores de alimentos de lácteos y cárnicos en 10 departamentos de Colombia y buscar la asociación entre la presencia del microorganismo y posibles factores de riesgo. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se determinó la presencia de L. monocytogenes en muestras de materia fecal y frotis de manos, provenientes de 1.322 manipuladores de alimentos. Se aplicó un cuestionario para conocer posibles factores de riesgo, y se llevó a cabo un análisis estadístico para determinar frecuencias y establecer relaciones entre los posibles factores de riesgo y el estado del portador.Resultados. Hubo 138 (10,4 %) manipuladores de alimentos que resultaron positivos para L. monocytogenes y se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia del microorganismo y "no conocer el concepto de contaminación cruzada" (OR (IC 95% )=1,518; p=0,004), así como con "no practicar procedimientos de limpieza y desinfección adecuados" (OR (IC 95% )=1,292; p=0,005). Conclusión. Se estableció una prevalencia de portadores de L. monocytogenes entre manipuladores de alimentos de derivados lácteos y cárnicos, y se logró asociar las prácticas higiénicas de los manipuladores de alimentos como factores de riesgo. El estudio se convierte en una herramienta útil para la vigilancia, la caracterización epidemiológica y el planteamiento de estrategias de control de este microorganismo.Palabras clave: Listeria monocytogenes, enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, productos lácteos, productos de la carne, manipulación de alimentos.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i2.716 Listeria monocytogenes in food handlers: a new approach to address the dangers in food industryIntroduction: Foodborne diseases are a high-impact health problem. Listeria monocytogenes is frequently associated with contaminated meat and dairy foods. Monitoring their presence at various stages during production is impo...
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