CorrPower is a cross-correlation-based algorithm to be used in the LIGO burst analysis. The code looks for excesses of coherent power in multiple interferometers, unifying techniques previously implemented in the LIGO triggered and untriggered burst searches. CorrPower performs three functions:(1) a continuous scan of the data, (2) an r-statistic waveform consistency test on candidates produced by the burst event analysis (Cadonati L 2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 S1695-703, LIGO Scientific Collaboration 2005 Preprint gr-qc/0505029), and (3) a search around the time of external triggers, a natural evolution of the analysis used for the gravitational-wave signature of GRB030329 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration 2005 Phys. Rev. D 72 042002, Mohanty S et al 2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 S1831-7, Mohanty S et al 2004 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 S765-74).
Degeneracy of energy levels of excited hydrogen atoms is not fully lifted by external perpendicular electric and magnetic fields in the first order of perturbation theory. Within the submanifold of residual degeneracy the levels splitting is governed by the second-order effects. The related classical electron trajectories exhibit instabilities characterized by the Lyapunov exponent. The present study establishes quantum mechanical implications of these instabilities. In particular, we derive from a quantum framework a simple analytical approximation for the Lyapunov exponent. The classical instabilities are linked to the presence of a diabatic quasistationary state in the quantum mechanical problem. Its meaning is elucidated by considering a related non-stationary quantum system with time-dependent field parameter. Some of the state-to-state transition probabilities are approximately expressed via Lyapunov exponents. Exact formulae for these probabilities are derived in the framework of multistate generalization of the Landau-Zener model. Nonadiabatic transitions are interpreted in terms of analytical properties of adiabatic potential curves.
Ag ions were implanted into single crystals of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (YSZ) with largely different energies of 20 keV, 128 keV, and 1.5 MeV, and the cross sections of the implanted layer were examined. After implantation, thermal treatments were performed for the samples at temperatures up to 1000 C in air. The surface of the sample implanted at 20 keV with a fluence of 3 Â 10 16 ions/cm 2 was violet and showed an absorption peak at 508 nm. The samples implanted with 128 keV or 1.5 MeV with fluences of 3 Â 10 16 and 2 Â 10 16 ions/ cm 2 , respectively, were light brown. However, after heating at 800 -1000 C, their color changed from light brown for the as-implanted state to violet. The absorption spectra of the samples implanted with markedly different energies showed different aspects of changes when the samples were heated at high temperatures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) observations were conducted. Ag nanoparticles of approximately 6 -12 nm were densely formed in the as-implanted state for both samples implanted with the energies of 20 and 128 keV, but they could not be observed for the sample implanted with 1.5 MeV. Ag nanoparticles were formed after heating at 1000 C for the sample implanted at 1.5 MeV. While Ag nanoparticles remained stably even when heated at 900 -1000 C for the samples implanted at 128 keV or 1.5 MeV, those particles for the sample implanted at 20 keV gradually reduced in number when heated at high temperatures.
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