RESUMEN. Se caracterizó la morfometría de los espermatozoides del teleósteo Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, y se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación del carotenoide astaxantina en la dieta sobre la calidad de semen. La morfometría de los espermatozoides se realizó con microscopia óptica con la tinción de eosinanigrosina vista en fluorescencia. La calidad de semen de 360 peces se evaluó con espermogramas clásicos (concentración, volumen, motilidad y viabilidad). La longitud total del espermatozoide fue de 16,83 ± 2,33 µm, diámetro de la cabeza sin acrosoma de 1,93 ± 0,21 µm, diámetro de la pieza media de 0,91 ± 0,23 µm y longitud del flagelo de 13,18 ± 1,76 µm. En los peces del grupo control, el volumen seminal y la concentración espermática fue de 2,14 ± 1,55 µL y 6,8x10 8 ± 292,82 respectivamente. La adición de astaxantina incrementó significativamente (P < 0,05) estos parámetros a 3,87 ± 1,06 µL y 13x10 8 ± 265,56 respectivamente. La motilidad no varió significativamente entre el grupo control (3,14 ± 1,46) y astaxantina (3,50 ± 0,92). Los resultados indicaron una tendencia hacia el incremento de la calidad seminal en el grupo tratado con astaxantina. Este incremento se puede atribuir a sus propiedades antioxidantes que protegen a las células testiculares contra el estrés oxidativo, con lo cual, se mejora el potencial reproductor de esta especie en condiciones de cultivo. Palabras clave: Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae, astaxantina, calidad de semen, espermatozoide, carotenoides, acuicultura. Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on semen quality inMoenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Teleostei: Characidae)ABSTRACT. This study was set out to: i) characterize the morphometry of spermatozoa of M. sanctaefilomenae; and ii) evaluate the effect on the quality of semen by astaxanthin supplementation in the diet. The morphometry of the sperm was analyzed by optical microscopy (nigrosin-eosin staining). Semen quality of 360 fish was evaluated by spermograms (volume, total number, motility and viability). The length of the sperms was 16.83 ± 2.33 μm, the head diameter was 1.93 ± 0.21 μm without acrosome, the midpiece diameter was 0.91 ± 0.23 μm and the length of the flagellum was 13.18 ± 1.76 μm. In fish unexposed to astaxanthin (control group) the seminal volume and the total number of sperms was 2.14 ± 1.55 μL and 6.8x10 8 ± 29, respectively. The addition of astaxanthin in the diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) these parameters to 3.87 ± 1.06 μL and 13x10 8 ± 26, respectively. The motility of the sperms and the sperm viability did not differ between both groups (P > 0.05). The results suggest that astaxanthin improves some parameters of the semen quality (volume and total number). This improvement may be attributable to the antioxidant properties (i.e., protection against oxidative stress in testicular cell structures) of astaxanthin.
Morphological changes in gametes of tiger barb Puntius tetrazona (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and the implementation of in vitro fertilization. The production of ornamental fishes represents an economic activity of a growing number of Mexican families. Nevertheless, the reproduction of fish in captivity is one of the complications faced by farmers. This study was set up to: (i) evaluate the morphological and functional changes induced by hydration in the gametes of fish tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona; 240 samples) at tree times after hydration (10, 20 and 30s) with classic spermograms (volume, sperm concentration, viability, motility, and normal morphology); and (ii) evaluate the implementation of in vitro fertilization based on the ovulation rate, the percentage of fertilization and hatching, and the larval numbers obtained after 72 hours. The average volume of milt was 3.0±0.7μL, and the minimum, maximum and average concentration of sperm was 44.4x10 6 spz/mL, 52.3x10 6 spz/mL, and 48.1±5.9x10 6 spz/mL, respectively. The viability and motility of the sperm was 84.6±3.2% and 81.5±2.2%, respectively. The diameter of the sperm with/without water contact was 2.1±0.6μm and 3.8±1.0μm (p<0.05); the largest diameter was recorded 30 seconds after the contact with water. For oocytes, the smaller and larger diameters were recorded at 10 and 30s, respectively (both with/without water contact); the oocytes diameters after 10 and 30 seconds of contact with water were 1.11 and 1.55mm, respectively. A higher ovulation rate was recorded using the in vitro fertilization: 250±50 oocytes versus 28±09 oocytes (during natural fertilization; p<0.05). Nevertheless, fertilization and hatching rates were higher for the natural fertilization (80 and 60%, respectively). Considering the number of larvae obtained after 72 hours, our results showed a higher value for the in vitro fertilization (75±18 compared to 13.4±12 of the natural fertilization; p<0.05). We propose this fish as a model for other ornamental fishes of commercial interest. Our results demonstrate that the in vitro fertilization is a very high viable option to optimize and maximize resources; besides, the reproduction management optimization under controlled conditions may enhance wild fish stocks preservation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1353-1363. Epub 2014 December 01.
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