Premise The diversification of island flora has been widely studied. However, the role of environmental niches in insular radiation processes has been less investigated. We combined population genetic analyses with species distribution modelling to clarify the genetic relationships, diversification patterns, species niche requirements, and conservation of Thesium sect. Kunkeliella, a clade of rare hemiparasitic plants endemic to the Canaries. Methods We studied the three extant Thesium species and a new taxon from La Palma Island. We developed 12 microsatellites and performed population genetic analysis and studied the demographic history of the group. To evaluate the role of niche conservatism in the diversification of the group, we performed species distribution modelling (ESM) with four algorithms. Results All species presented moderate genetic diversity values for rare endemics. Thesium canariense (Gran Canaria) showed high differentiation, whereas T. subsucculentum, T. retamoides (Tenerife), and La Palma populations are closely related. The lineage may have undergone a recent diversification with colonization proceeding east to west, with T. canariense as sister to the others. We detected a climatic niche shift, as taxa showed different distributions across the temperature gradient. There is enough evidence to describe La Palma populations as a new species. Conclusions We characterized the evolutionary history of Thesium sect. Kunkeliella by integrating genetic and ecological assessments. Our results indicate that this clade has undergone a recent radiation process with niche differentiation among species. The results increase our knowledge about insular radiations and will inform the conservation management of the study species.
The aeronautical sector is one of the most innovative sectors internationally due to the rigorous levels of safety and quality required of aircrafts. However, we currently have limited knowledge of how firms develop the innovation management processes. The present study proposes an innovation model to evaluate how the innovation is strategically managed through factors and determinants that enable the innovation processes in an aeronautical firm. Based on a case study to a relevant firm in the aeronautical sector, the results show the validity of the proposed model and evaluate the efficiency and robustness of the innovation management process in the aeronautical firm by means of the definition of three indexes. An index of innovation indicates the development of the innovation management process of the analyzed firm. A second index measures the maturity of the determinants that enables the innovation in the firm, and a third index measures the level of global maturity of the innovation process.
Climate change is modifying plant communities and ecosystems around the world. Alpine ecosystems are of special concern on oceanic islands, due to their characteristic higher endemicity rate, small area and undergoing severe climate change impact in the last few decades. During recent decades there has been increasing interest in the effects of climate change on biodiversity and a range of methods have been developed to assess species vulnerability. However, new insights are necessary to obtain useful information for species management on oceanic islands. Here in the alpine area of two oceanic islands (Tenerife and La Palma) we evaluate the drivers that best explain the vulnerability of 63 endemic species along three scenarios, covering recent past to present and two future projections (2041–2060 and 2061–2080. The selected drivers were: loss of fundamental niche area, persistence of fundamental and realized niches, and the adaptive capacity constraints. We assess whether the drivers of risk and vulnerability for common, restricted and rare species are significantly different, and the influence of fundamental niche size. Our results indicate that management must be widely distributed over the species, and not only focus on restricted species. Evidence for this was that drivers directly deriving from climate change showed no significant differences in their impact on the rarity groups identified. Vulnerability depends partially on the fundamental niche size area, showing a more complex picture where constraints on the adaptive capacity of the species have a strong enough influence to modify the effects of the characteristic drivers of climate change.
Thesium sect. Kunkeliella es un grupo de endemismos canarios de distribución restringida y con un alto grado de amenaza, con una de las especies descritas hasta la fecha ya considerada extinta. El descubrimiento de un nuevo taxón en La Palma nos ha llevado a caracterizar genéticamente las especies en Canarias tanto a nivel intra- como interespecífico, a la vez que revisar las características morfológicas del grupo. Todo ello ha contribuido a describir y a considerar el nuevo taxón como una especie diferente denominada Thesium palmense y a conocer las relaciones genéticas existentes entre todas las especies del género en Canarias. Además, servirá de base para las acciones de conservación in situ y ex situ que puedan derivarse de todas las poblaciones conocidas
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