The aim of this quantitative biogeographical analysis is to identify the existence of specific groups of pteridophytes with significantly similar distribution patterns (chorotypes) in the Iberian Peninsula. as well as to infer the environmental factors that may explain such groupings. We have applied a classification method to the pteridophyte species and have then tested the significance of the resulting groups. This allows the distinction of groups of species that occur together more frequently than expected at random from those which are just a product of the cluster analysis.The majority of the 11 3 pteridophyte species in the Iberian Peninsula are not distributed independently from each other, but eighteen chorotypes exist that are common to various species and three chorotypes that consist of one species each. Five species are distributed independently of the other species, and so their distribution areas overlap and segregate from the others at random.With the aim of finding a relation between the chorotypes identified and the processes that determine them, we investigated the possible incidence of certain environmental factors on the chorotype distributions by means of logistic regression. Factors that appear most frequently as possible causes of the distribution of the chorotypes are the water availability. climatic stress, availability of environmental energy, and disturbances caused by floods.Resumen. El objetivo de este analisis biogeografico cuantitativo es identificar la posible existencia de grupos de especies de pteridofitos con patrones de distribucion significantivamente sirnilares (corotipos) en la Peninsula bkica, asi como analizar 10s factores ambientales que explican tales grupos. Hemos aplicado un metodo de clasification biogeofifica de especies y despub hemos comprobado la significacion de 10s grupos resultantes. Esto nos ha permitido distinguir 10s grupos de especies que se asocian con m8s frecuencia de lo esperado por azar de aquellos grupos que se deben unicamente al analisis de agrupacion.La mayoria de !as 113 especies de pteridofitos en la Peninsula IMrica no se distribuyen independientemente unas de otras. sin0 que existen 18 corotipos que son comunes a varias especies y tres que estan formados por una sola especie. Cinco especies se distribuyen independientemente de las restantes, y por tanto, sus Areas de distribucibn se solapan y se segregan con !as demas a1 azar.Con objeto de encontrar una relacion entre 10s corotipos identificados en el presente trabajo y 10s procesos que 10s determinan, investigamos por medio de regresiones logisticas la posible incidencia de ciertos factores ambientales sobre !as distribuciones de 10s corotipos. Los factores que han aparecido mas frecuentemente como posibles causas de !as distribuciones de 10s corotipos son la disponibilidad de agua, el estres climatico. la energia ambiental disponible y 10s disturbios causados por las inundaciones.

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Protected areas (PAs) aim at safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services in the long term. Despite the remarkable growth in area covered by PAs in recent years, biodiversity trends continue to worsen as a result of serious global pressures such as habitat destruction and degradation. One main cause of habitat destruction and degradation is land development that implies the replacement of natural land uses–land covers (LULCs) with artificial ones. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of four PA networks at preventing land development in Spain, a biodiversity‐rich country that has experienced recent rapid environmental transformations, using two models of increased validity: an original model and a biophysically enhanced model. We applied a before–after control–impact (BACI) design whereby absolute artificial area increase (AAI) and relative artificial area increase (RAI) were compared across PA categories (nature reserves [NRs], nature parks [NPs], Sites of Community Importance [SCIs], and Special Protection Areas [SPAs]), study zones (coastal and inland), and climates (Atlantic and Mediterranean) using CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data and two control zones: 1‐ and 5‐km buffers around protected polygons. NRs prevented land development, whereas other categories reduced it moderately to very substantially in the assessed period. AAI was especially intense in inland SPAs and NPs. NRs and NPs were the most effective PA categories inland, whereas NRs and SPAs were the most effective ones on the coast. Land development was greater on the Spanish coast than inland inside and outside PAs, especially around Macaronesian and Mediterranean PAs. Atlantic PAs experienced similar or greater land development values than surrounding areas. Our results are intended to guide future conservation efforts in Spain, chiefly on its heavily pressured coastal environment.

No abstract

Se han estudiado 106 especies vegetales características de la flora de Andalucía con objeto de determinar la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa de alcaloides. Se ha encontrado presencia de alcaloides en 37 especies, de las cuales 20 (54 0) se describen por primera vez.