Companies in Poland can realize their goals by assuring the necessary organizational conditions and by partially restricting opportunistic behavior within the limits sufficient to take stable coopetitive actions. In the face of the present financial crisis, innovativeness is one of the basic parameters in evaluation of the SME sector in Poland. The goal of the present article is to show that enhanced coopetition of the researched entities with huge holdings or concerns from Poland and with economic entities from the remaining countries of the European Union is a sine qua non of improving the level of innovativeness in the SME sector. The coopetition is defined as a phenomenon of simultaneous cooperation and competition of at least two entities, the aim of which is to better realize their goals or to work towards the common end. If levels of competition and cooperation are low, companies assume the strategies of the owners of micro-, small- or medium-sized enterprises. Being a condition necessary to improve the level of innovativeness in the Polish SME sector, coopetition is characteristic of the companies whose activities are narrowly specialized.
Building own business is a long-term and laborious process. A person who leads a startup tries to start with building own business by taking first steps toward financial independence. Analyzing conditions in Poland, on average every second startup sells its services abroad, admittedly it is good news, although half of them do not export at all. Half of the startups which export their services and goods generates more than 50% of their revenues outside Poland. Very interesting is the fact that 60% of exporters have conducted their foreign sale since the moment of establishing their business. On which markets do they sell their services? It turns out that the most popular are markets in the European Union (54%), including the United Kingdom 14% and Germany 9%. Only about 25% of Polish startups exports their products and services to the United States. Taking the United States into consideration, in 2008 the USA lost their leading position in the number of startups which are newly created and achieving success in business. Currently in terms of the number of new startups the USA is on a quite distant place after Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, New Zealand, Israel or Italy. In short, more companies were closed than created, so it was, as a matter of fact, like in Poland. Therefore, the condition to improve the development of startups both from Poland and other countries all the world is to increase cooperation and coopetition.
W prezentowanym artykule został podjęty problem niedostatecznego poziomu wartości dodanej w przemyśle w przeliczeniu na jednego zatrudnionego w latach 2009–2021, stanowiącej kluczowy miernik poziomu zrównoważonego rozwoju. Badaniem objęto przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjne z 60 państw świata najchętniej wybieranych jako lokalizacja procesów offshoringowych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy badawczej, zgodnie z którą znaczący wpływ offshoringu na zrównoważony rozwój przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych stanowi istotny warunek w procesie promowania zrównoważonego uprzemysłowienia ich działalności. Metodę badawczą stanowi estymacja modelu ekonometrycznego potwierdzającego wysoki wpływ atrakcyjności offshoringowej usług pod względem finansowym na wartość dodaną brutto w przemyśle (uwzględniającą także budownictwo) w przeliczeniu na jednego zatrudnionego.
Purpose:The main aim of the study is to examine empirically the possibility of the impact of the use of the concept of kaizen costing by enterprises on shaping a competitive advantage in crisis conditions in the process of creating cooperation with other economic entities from several countries. Design/ Methodology/Approach: A logarithmic model was used in the research. Authors test the influence of selected explanatory variables on the dependent variable which is the company's market value. Findings: The data used to build the econometric model come from the website of the Warsaw Stock Exchange, 400 companies in the form of joint stock companies were analyzed. The paper examined the greatest impact of such explanatory variables as sales revenues, other operating income, profit (loss) from operations, profit (loss) gross, assets, equity of the shareholders of the parent entity, core capital, long-term liabilities, short-term liabilities, financial flows, net cash flow and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) on the market value of enterprises cooperating with other companies and also using the kaizen costing concept in the face of the coronavirus pandemic. The data used in the research cover from the first quarter of 2020 to first quarter of 2021. Practical implications: The assembled empirical evidence shows that in times of extraordinary global dangers of survival and gaining a competitive advantage and, consequently, increasing the company's market value as a result of establishing cooperation, the use of recommendations resulting from the kaizen costing concept may be favorable. Originality/ Value: The paper contains an original study of a representative group of a group of companies of various sizes. The above variables positively determined the market value of 400 listed companies. This dependence was also confirmed by the high value of the coefficient of determination R 2 =92%, as well as very low p-values.
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