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PALAVRAS-CHAVE:-Cuidados Paliativos; is an option to be discussed in current curricula so that we can stimulate not only the expertise in this specialized area of knowledge, but also to spread the techniques of care for any medical specialty.
Objective: The use of interventionist medical technology in terminal elderly patients must be associated with palliative care as a measure of clinical support in intensive care units. Palliative care is an important component of end-of-life care, and the assistance provided by the healthcare team should be guided by decisions made by patients and their family members. Prolongation of life not accompanied by therapies aimed at relieving symptoms, such as pain and dyspnea, contributes to patient and family member stress suffering. The aim of the present study was to survey advances made in the application of palliative care in intensive care units. Methods: Medline and Bireme were used to perform a systematic literature review of intensive care units-based palliative care for elderly patients. Results: A total of 29 articles describing palliative care in intensive care units were analyzed according to the variables "satisfaction of relatives when they participate in the discussions on palliative care" and "difficulties to implement such type of care due to lack of technical skills of the health caregivers." Conclusion: Palliative care for elderly patients in intensive care units must be more thoroughly investigated to improve the relationships and communication among patients, their relatives, and the healthcare team. As greater numbers of elderly patients are admitted to intensive care units, the skills of health caregivers must improve to meet the challenges posed by the end-of-life care.
Resumo O objetivo do artigo é conhecer a abordagem de equipes de emergência à assistência de pacientes com doença crônica avançada, na perspectiva dos cuidados paliativos. O texto traz resultados de revisão integrativa que buscou artigos em cinco bases de dados, utilizando os descritores “serviços médicos de emergência”, “equipe de assistência ao paciente”, “atitude do pessoal de saúde” e “cuidados paliativos”. Inicialmente, foram identificadas 12.290 publicações, reduzidas, após análise, a uma amostra final de 26 artigos. Entre as principais medidas mencionadas na literatura para levar os cuidados paliativos à emergência, estão: plano de cuidados individualizado e flexível; gestão de redes; acesso à equipe de cuidados paliativos; comunicação empática; identificação dos pacientes elegíveis; e controle de sintomas. Conclui-se que as equipes de emergência precisam reconhecer a importância dos cuidados paliativos nesse serviço, redirecionando o cuidado concentrado em “salvar vidas” para um cuidado que preserve a dignidade humana.
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