To identify components of the mRNA export machinery in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a screen was developed to identify mutations that were synthetically lethal with the conditional mRNA export allele rae1-167. Mutations defining three complementation groups were isolated, and here we report the characterization of npp106 (for nuclear pore protein of 106 kDa). This gene encodes a predicted protein that has significant similarity to the Nic96p nucleoporin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Consistent with Npp106p being a nucleoporin, a functional green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Npp106p localized to the nuclear periphery. In contrast to NIC96, the npp106 gene is not essential. Moreover, a ⌬npp106 mutant did not show cytoplasmic mislocalization of a simian virus 40 nuclear localization signal-GFP-LacZ reporter protein, and a fraction of cells had accumulation of poly(A) ؉ RNA in the nucleus. A consequence of the synthetic lethality between rae1-167 and npp106-1 was the accumulation of poly(A) ؉ RNA in the nucleus when cells were grown under synthetic lethal conditions. In addition to npp106-1, which is a nonsense mutation that truncates the protein at amino acid 292, the ⌬npp106 mutation was synthetically lethal with rae1-167, suggesting that the synthetic lethality is a consequence of the loss of a function of npp106. We further demonstrate that a region between amino acids 74 and 348 of Npp106p is required for complementation of the synthetic lethality. These results uncover a potential direct or indirect involvement of Npp106p in mRNA export.Nuclear pores mediate the transport of proteins and RNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm in a bidirectional fashion (14,28,29,43,47,59,61). These molecules are transported through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by an active process that is saturable, energy dependent, and signal specific. Over the past few years, many of the essential components of the protein import machinery have been identified. These include the importin ␣/ complex, which recognizes nuclear localization signal (NLS)-bearing proteins, as well as components of the Ran-GTPase switch system, which provides the energy for transport (28,29,47,61). Moreover, these factors interact with proteins of the NPC, and these interactions may be functionally important. Progress has also been made in identifying the factors required for mRNA export. In particular, studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe have identified nuclear pore and nuclear pore-associated proteins (1,18,30,32,36,39,50,66,70,71) as well as some non-NPC proteins that are required for mRNA export (6,7,9,13,21,38,45,46,51,57,58,68). It has been proposed that the export of mRNA is mediated by carrier proteins (19,20,23,25,37,42,49,63,69,71,72) that bind the mRNA and through their interactions with the NPC export the RNA through the pore.Interaction between the carrier and the NPC is thought to be mediated by a domain on the carrier referred to as the nuclear export signal (NES) (26). So far, two NES motifs have been described. O...