In this study, we report differences in the observed gliding speed of microtubules dependent on the choice of bovine casein used as a surface passivator. We observed differences in both speed and support of microtubules in each of the assays. Whole casein, comprised of αs1, αs2, β, and κ casein, supported motility and averaged speeds of 966±7 nm/s. Alpha casein can be purchased as a combination of αs1 and αs2 and supported gliding motility and average speeds of 949±4 nm/s. Beta casein did not support motility very well and averaged speeds of 870±30 nm/s. Kappa casein supported motility very poorly and we were unable to obtain an average speed. Finally, we observed that mixing alpha, beta, and kappa casein with the proportions found in bovine whole casein supported motility and averaged speeds of 966±6 nm/s.

A low-storage filter diagonalization method for quantum eigenenergy calculation or for spectral analysis of time signals Multiscale wavelets are used to solve the quantum eigenvalue equations for the hydrogen molecular ion H 2 ϩ in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Normally restricted to Cartesian systems, ''wavelets on the interval'' ͑a normal wavelet family augmented by special edge functions͒ have recently been applied to such boundary value problems as the hydrogen atom in spherical polar coordinates ͓J. Mackey, J. L. Kinsey, and B. R. Johnson, J. Comp. Phys. 168, 356 ͑2001͔͒. These methods are extended here to ground and excited electronic states of the simplest molecule, for which the electronic Hamiltonian is separable in confocal elliptic coordinates. The set of curvilinear coordinate quantum systems for which wavelet bases have been applied is thus enlarged.

In this study, we report differences in the observed gliding speed of microtubules dependent on the choice of bovine casein used as a surface passivator. We observed differences in both speed and support of microtubules in each of the assays. Whole casein, comprised of [alpha]~s1~, [alpha]~s2~, [beta], and [kappa] casein, supported motility and averaged speeds of 966 ± 7 nm/s. Alpha casein can be purchased as a combination of s1 and s2 and supported gliding motility and average speeds of 949 ± 4 nm/s. Beta casein did not support motility very well and averaged speeds of 870 ± 30 nm/s. Kappa casein supported motility very poorly and we were unable to obtain an average speed. Finally, we observed that mixing alpha, beta, and kappa casein with the proportions found in bovine whole casein supported motility and averaged speeds of 966 ± 7 nm/s.

We show here the effects of heavy-hydrogen water (2 H 2 O) and heavy-oxygen water (H 2 18 O) on the gliding speed of microtubules on kinesin-1 coated surfaces. Increased fractions of isotopic waters used in the motility solution decreased the gliding speed of microtubules by a maximum of 21% for heavy-hydrogen and 5% for heavy-oxygen water. We discuss possible interpretations of these results and the importance for future studies of water effects on kinesin and microtubules. We also discuss the implication for biomolecular devices incorporating molecular motors.

In this study, we report differences in the observed gliding speed of microtubules dependent on the choice of bovine casein used as a surface passivator. We observed differences in both speed and support of microtubules in each of the assays. Whole casein, comprised of α s1 , α s2 , β, and κ casein, supported motility and averaged speeds of 966 ± 7 nm/s. Alpha casein can be purchased as a combination of α s1 and α s2 and supported gliding motility and average speeds of 949 ± 4 nm/s. Beta casein did not support motility very well and averaged speeds of 870 ± 30 nm/s. Kappa casein supported motility very poorly and we were unable to obtain an average speed. Finally, we observed that mixing alpha, beta, and kappa casein with the proportions found in bovine whole casein supported motility and averaged speeds of 966 ± 7 nm/s.