Background. Hepatitis B virus infection is a major global health burden accounting for 2.7% of all deaths globally. Being part of the health care system, the risk of exposure to hepatitis B viral infection among medical and health science students is found to be high. In Ethiopia, particularly in this study area, very little is known about the practice of students towards hepatitis B virus infection prevention and its associated factors. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the practice towards hepatitis B virus infection prevention and its associated factors among undergraduate students at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods and Materials. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to June 15, 2021, among undergraduate students who had clinical exposure. The 404 sampled participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered into EpiData version 4.6.0 and was exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Association between the dependent and independent variables was computed using the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model. Odds ratio was calculated. Results were interpreted as significant if P value is <0.05 at 95% CI. Result. This study revealed that 277 (69.9%) of the students were in the age group of 20-24 years and 266 (67.2%) were males. Out of 396 participants, about half 199 (50.3%) 95% CI (0.452–553) had a good practice towards hepatitis B virus infection prevention. Only 43.4% of the study participants had been completely vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Age (20-24 years) ( AOR = 2.736 ), 95% CI (1.130-6.625), and good knowledge ( AOR = 1.990 ), 95% CI (1.207-3.282) were factors significantly associated with the practice towards hepatitis B virus infection prevention. Conclusion and Recommendation. The current study showed that about half of the study participants had good practice towards hepatitis B virus infection prevention but more than half were not completely vaccinated against HBV. Age and knowledge were factors significantly associated. It is recommended to give training for students on hepatitis B virus infection prevention. It is also advisable to screen and vaccinate students before they start their clinical attachments.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) accounts for 60% to 80% of all neonatal deaths each year. In developing countries like Ethiopia, low birth weight is a major public health concern. Almost half of the world's infants are not weighed at birth, a gure that is especially high in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Only 14% of births had information on birth weight were available at the time of birth in Ethiopia. So previous studies underestimate the magnitude and associated factors of low birth weight. As a result, the goal of this study is to ll those gaps in the previous studies by assessing the magnitude and associated factors of low birth weight in Addis Ababa.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed. Systematic sampling was used to select 351 study participants. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered, cleaned, and edited using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 software packages for analysis. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression were used to identify associated factors. A p-value of <0.05 was declared as a statistically signi cant association.

Introduction: Induction of labour is one component of comprehensive obstetrics care services that is increasing employed in modern day obstetrics to decrease the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, it has been strongly associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) prevents TB in PLWHIV, but estimates of its effects and actual implementation vary across countries. We reviewed studies that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Controlled Trials from their inception to 1 April 2021 for studies of any design that examined the impact of IPT on PLHIV and the factors influencing its implementation. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42021256579. Result: Of the initial 546 studies identified, 13 of which enrolled 12,426 participants, 15,640 PLHIV and 62 HIV clinical care providers were included. PLHIV who were on IPT, independently or simultaneously with ART, were less likely to develop TB than those without IPT. IPT interventions had a significant association with improved CD4 count and reduced all-cause mortality. IPT was less effective in people with advanced HIV infection. The major factors influencing IPT implementation and uptake were stock-outs, fear of developing isoniazid-resistant TB, patient’s refusal and non-adherence, and improper counseling and low commitment of HIV clinical care providers. Conclusion: IPT alone or in combination with ART significantly reduces the incidence of TB and mortality in PLHIV in Ethiopia than those without IPT. More research on safety is needed, especially on women with HIV who receive a combination of IPT and ART. Additionally, studies need to be conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of the new TPT (3 months combination of isoniazid and rifapentine) in children and people living with HIV.