. Effects of the magnetic field on different forms of embryonic locomotor activity of northern pike, Esox lucius L. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 34 (2): 193-203.Background. The magnetic field is known to exert its influence on both adult and juvenile fishes, as well as the embryos. The effects are diversified and pertain to, practically all, life aspects of an individual. Another aspect of this issue can be the existing and still growing magnetic pollution of the natural environment. In view of the above we decided to study the embryonic motorics of fish, exemplified by pike, affected by constant-and alternating magnetic fields. Material and methods. Eggs of pike (Esox lucius L.) after period of adaptation (control) were subjected to 30-min action of the magnetic field (constant 4 mT and alternating 15 mT). The inflicted changes in the embryonic motorics were observed under a microscope and recorded on videotape. Results. The following aspects of the embryogenesis were affected:• Quasi-peristalsis (increased angular velocity and the amplitude of ectoplasmic waves-at the stages of blastula end gastrula).• Heart muscle action (in alternating field-short, small acceleration in the heartbeat is followed by a sudden rise of the number of contractions).• Somatic motorics (no visible effect of neither constant-nor alternate field). Conclusions. Three different mechanism of the magnetic field are taken into consideration: a) directly on actomyosin structures in the quasi-peristalsis, b) on automatic centres of the developing heart, and c) on developing structures of the central nervous system (no effect presently observed).
. 2007. The effect of magnetic field on permeability of egg shells of salmonid fishes. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 37 (2): 129-135.Background. The effect of the magnetic field on fish egg shells has not attracted major interest of researchers, even though it could have been predicted that such effect may be vital to fish embryogenesis. One of the hitherto-neglected aspects of the magnetic field action of fish eggs are the changes in the egg shell permeability and possible alteration of the process of embryogenesis. Studying this process and learning the associated phenomena may be important in explaining cases of substantial mortality of the embryos. Materials and Methods. Fish eggs (Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.; sea trout, Salmo trutta L.; and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) and isolated egg shells, in a custom-made osmometer setups, were subjected to the action of a stable magnetic field (2 mT). The ultrastructure of the egg-shells was studied using a scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM 6100). Results. Stable magnetic field (2 mT), affecting fish eggs, caused statistically significant increase in the egg-shell permeability to water, in the period of the egg activation (and also less distinct increase during the entire embryogenesis). Conclusion. Weak, stable magnetic field increases egg-shell permeability to water affecting water management processes in fish eggs, during incubation. This phenomenon may have practical implications for fish hatcheries.
Sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) eggs were fertilizEld with spermato zoa which . had been exposed for 4 hours to the effect of a steady magnetic field of 200 mT and 250 mT and for 5 hours to 200 mT. Percentage of fertilized eggs was calculated, and observations were made on the course of egg incubation.The experiments confirmed the suggestions on beneficial effect of magnetic field upon the success of egg fertilization. Samples of eggs fertilization with spermatozoa which had been previously exposed to a magnetic field were characterized by significantly higher percentage of fertilized eggs compared to the control.
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. It was found that eggs exposed to magnetic field absorbed water in the initial period of activation (until 30 min) much slower than control eggs. Subsequently water absorption was accelerated to such an extent that after complete formation of the perivitelline space the volumes of the treated and control eggs were the same. The authors interpret the change in water absorption dynamics in terms of II reduction of the permeability of egg membrane, resulting from the effect of magnetic field on liquid crystals making part of its structure.
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