The paper presents a driver model, which can be used in a computer simulation of a curved ride of a car. The identification of the driver parameters consisted in a comparison of the results of computer calculations obtained for the driver-vehicle-environment model with different driver data sets with test results of the double lane-change manoeuvre (Standard No. ISO/TR 3888:1975, International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1975) and the wind gust manoeuvre. The optimisation method allows to choose for each real driver a set of driver model parameters for which the differences between test and calculation results are smallest. The presented driver model can be used in investigating the driver-vehicle control system, which allows to adapt the car construction to the psychophysical characteristics of a driver.
Friction properties of the road surface have a great influence on the safety of automobile motion. These properties are characterized by the tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient, which is measured during the routine and acceptance investigations of roads. In the paper, the method of measurement of this coefficient is presented. For investigation of the tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient the special measurement system was developed. The main part of the system is dynamometer trailer, which makes it possible to measure the friction force between tyre and road surface. The adhesion coefficient as a quotient of the friction force and vertical load is a result of measurements. Additionally the system enables to determine the graph of the adhesion coefficient as a function of wheel slip ratio. In the paper a description of the measurement system and a principle of its operation are presented. Exemplary results of tyre-to-road adhesion coefficients measured on different roads are also presented. The results show many differences between these coefficients in dependence of road upper layer technology, degree of its wear, weather conditions, sliding velocity and others. The system originally designed for investigation of friction parameters of road surfaces can have much wider applications, for example in tyre investigations, for automotive experts, in the work of judgment witnesses and others.
The article discusses the use of video recordings in the reconstruction of road accidents. Many drivers use in-car digital video recorders (DVR), so called dashboard cameras, to register the situation in front of or behind the car while driving. Such recording can be in some situations an important evidence when determining liability of the road collision. However, in most such cases the video recording is analyzed only from a qualitative point of view, while the article shows that a lot of quantitative information, such as vehicle speeds, accelerations, or the directions of their movements, can also be obtained from the video recording. The selected methods of quantitative analysis of a video recording are here presented. Furthermore, attention is paid to the problems of image analysis, that experts deal with during accident reconstruction. It is indicated that video recordings should be analyzed according to different procedures depending on the situation they present. It is also discussed the influence of recording quality (resolution, distortion, image sharpness, recording speed and others) on the usefulness of the recording for obtaining from it the quantitative information. Finally, the method for estimating the uncertainty of the results is presented. The article confirms that it is possible to determine the chosen parameters of vehicle motion based on an analysis of the DVR recording.
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