The Pogórska Wola palaeovalley of com bined tec tonic and ero sional or i gin dis sects the Me so zoic floor of the Carpathian Foredeep Ba sin to a depth ex ceed ing 1200 m. It formed dur ing Paleogene times pre sum ably due to flu vial and sub ma rine ero sion, con cen trated along a lo cal pre-Late Badenian graben sys tem. All mem bers of the foredeep's Badenian-Sarmatian sed i men tary fill at tain dis tinctly greater val ues in side the palaeovalley than on top of el e vated pla teaux on palaeovalley shoul ders. The fill com prises the Early to Late Badenian sub-evaporite Skawina For ma tion, the lat er ally equiv a lent Late Badenian evaporite Krzyżanowice and Wieliczka for ma tions and the su pra-evaporite Late Badenian to Early Sarmatian Machów For ma tion. Over the pla teaux and in the high est palaeovalley seg ment, the evaporites are de vel oped in the sulphate fa cies Krzyżanowice For ma tion, whereas in the lower palaeovalley seg ments chlo ride-sul phate fa cies evaporites of the Wieliczka For ma tion oc cur. The rock salt-bear ing rocks are in volved in thrust ing and fold ing at the Carpathian orogenic front, which helps to as sess the lat eral ex tent of the Wieliczka For ma tion in seis mic re cords. The deep palaeotopographic po si tion of the evaporites in side the palaeovalley, com bined with their lithological and sed i men tary fea tures, point to their forma tion via sub aque ous grav ity flow-driven redeposition of orig i nally shal low-wa ter evaporites, pref er en tially ha lite-bear ing, pre sum ably com bined with pre cip i ta tion from sul phate and chlo ride brines at the palaeovalley floor. Both the re de pos ited sed i ments and the brines must have come from the ad ja cent pla teaux and from a thrust-sheet top ba sin, ap proach ing from the south on top of the Cre ta ceous-Paleogene Carpathian flysch thrust wedge.
The wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) TTZ-South transect carried out in 2018 crosses the SW region of Ukraine and the SE region of Poland. The TTZ-South profile targeted the structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the Trans-European Suture Zone, as well as the southwestern segment of the East European Craton (slope of the Ukrainian Shield). The ~550 km long profile (~230 km in Poland and ~320 km in western Ukraine) is an extension of previously realized projects in Poland, TTZ (1993) and CEL03 (2000). The deep seismic sounding study along the TTZ-South profile using TEXAN and DATA-CUBE seismic stations (320 units) made it possible to obtain high-quality seismic records from eleven shot points (six in Ukraine and five in Poland). This paper presents a smooth P wave velocity model based on first-arrival travel-time inversion using the FAST (First Arrival Seismic Tomography) code. The obtained image represents a preliminary velocity model which, according to the P wave velocities, consists of a sedimentary layer and the crystalline crust that could comprise upper, middle and lower crustal layers. The Moho interface, approximated by the 7.5 km/s isoline, is located at 45—47 km depth in the central part of the profile, shallowing to 40 and 37 km depth in the northern (Radom-Łysogуry Unit, Poland) and southern (Volyno-Podolian Monocline, Ukraine) segments of the profile, respectively. A peculiar feature of the velocity cross-section is a number of high-velocity bodies distinguished in the depth range of 10—35 km. Such high-velocity bodies were detected previously in the crust of the Radom-Łysogуry Unit. These bodies, inferred at depths of 10—35 km, could be allochthonous fragments of what was originally a single mafic body or separate mafic bodies intruded into the crust during the break-up of Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic, which was accompanied by considerable rifting. The manifestations of such magmatism are known in the NE part of the Volyno-Podolian Monocline, where the Vendian trap formation occurs at the surface.
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