This study is a contribution to research on copper metallurgy in the early Eneolithic (= Chalcolithic). The axe was discovered as a “single” artefact. It represents the category of flat axes with a convex cutting edge. The metallurgical mass consist of “pure” copper, or it may contain a small admixture of silver. The Raciborowice specimen corresponds well to the Szakálhát type, the Sárazsadány variant, and specifically to the two Budapest-Békásmegyer tools. According to Albert Schmitz’s classification, the tool from Raciborowice belongs to category 5 or to its variant marked as 6 (Beilform 5, 6). Categories 5 and 6 are dated to the early Eneolithic: from the transition of phase Ib to IIa, the entire phase II, up to phase IIIa. Their concentration occurs in Hungary and Slovakia, where are recorded in the Bodrogkeresztúr culture graves. The analysed artefact, should probably be related to the Lublin-Volhynian culture.
The Globular Amphora culture East Lublin subgroup was distinguished in the 1950s by Stefan Nosek. The key argument in favour of the distinction involved stone cist graves, having south-eastern affinities. The newly-distinguished taxonomic unit boasted both western and eastern traits. Since 1996, 13 radiocarbon dates have been obtained for nine features: 1 settlement pit, 5 cist graves and 3 pit graves. The dates helped distinguish three chronological sequences and describe inventories of grave finds from particular development phases. By comparing inventories from graves for which radiocarbon dates were available with grave goods from features without such determinations, it was possible to supplement the sets of cultural elements characteristic of successive time intervals with traits to be found solely in the latter. Ultimately, the proposed periodization of Globular Amphora settlement in the eastern Lublin province is made up of three phases: I (‘general Globular Amphora’ horizon – preceding the formation of the East Lublin subgroup) – 3000/2950–2900/2850 BC; II (‘classical’ phase of the East Lublin subgroup) – 2900/2850–2650/2600 BC; III (‘late’ phase of the East Lublin subgroup) – 2650/2600–ca 2400 BC.
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