Bartonella are known to be important causes of zooanthroponotic diseases. The range of human infection varies from mild lymphadenopathy and asymptomatic bacteremia to life-threatening systemic disease in immunocompromised patients. Microbiological improvements in isolation methods and PCR amplification of organism-specific DNA sequences have resulted in a dramatic increase in reports describing human patients with bartonellosis. Nevertheless, clearly and successful isolation of Bartonella spp. from bacteremic animals and human patients remains an ongoing challenge. Technology of experimental bartonellosis due to intraperitoneal introduction of biological material samples containing causative agents to laboratory animals is presented in the article. White nonlinear mice with the artificially cyclophosphamide formed immunodeficient state may be used as an experimental model for further investigation of the biological alterations responsible for angiomatosis. On the other hand, we believe that this new method will enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity needed to achieve a diagnosis of bartonellosis.
Background and aimsOne of the most severe manifestation displays of tuberculosis (TB) generalization is meningitis/meningoencephalitis. The purpose of this work was to improve the diagnostic efficiency of TB central nervous system (CNS) affection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons.Materials and methodsMeninges and cerebral tissues, taken from died patients, who were HIV-infected and dead from TB of CNS affection, were investigated histologically.Results and discussionOur examination showed that clinical course of the pathologic process loses the peculiarity of TB-undulating character, and changes in tissues have monomorphism that appears in the presence of the same type of granulomas with a few Pirogov–Langhans cells. Alterative reactions with formation of the large fields of caseous necrosis, necrotic focuses, areas of infiltration with polymorphic cellular elements went out on the first plan in the disorder of cerebrum in patients with the terminal stage of HIV infection. The tendency to decrease in inflammatory–proliferative processes was observed, which is confirmed by the presence of the poorly expressed cellular reaction on the peripheries of focuses of caseous necrosis.ConclusionMorphologic features of tuberculous meningoencephalitis in HIV-infected patients are the presence of edema, gliosis, trombovasculitis, small focal hemorrhage, tuberculous granuloma formation with a small number of Pirogov–Langhans cells, and the prevalence of alterative–exudative reactions.
The aim of the work was to detect a diagnostic value of CNSToxoIndex – index of correlation between albumin concentration and anti-toxoplasma antibodies, which reflects local production of anti-toxoplasma IgG in CNS compared with their level in blood. Materials and methods: 30 HIV-infected persons with the IV clinical stage (16 man and 14 women) aged from 25 to 49 years with clinical and instrumental signs of cerebral toxoplasmosis were selected from the general array of the patients treated in the Regional Clinical Infectious Hospital. A retrospective parallel detection of IgG T. gondii was performed in serum and CSF in patients, whose results of ELISA or PCR on T. gondii were positive. Blood serum and CSF were obtained from patients at the same time. All samples for analysis were stored at −20 °C and then tested on the RT-2100C Rayto Life and Analytical Sciences Co., Ltd (China) immunoassay analyser for quantitative detection of the level of specific anti-Toxicoplasma IgG. Detection of albumin concentration in serum and CSF was performed on the Chemray-120 Automated Biochemical Analyzer Rayto Life and Analytical Sciences Co., Ltd (China) using the Liquick Cor-ALBUMIN Diagnostic Kit. Results: Specific IgG to T. gondii in blood plasma was found in 27 patients (90%) while in CSF only in 7 (23 %). The results of the research in this group of patients were represented by the following parameters: patient 1 (blood antiToxo IgG – 200 IU/ml, blood albumin – 36 g/l, CSF antiToxo IgG – 10 IU/ml, CSF albumin – 0.8 g/l, CNSToxolndex – 2.3); patient 2 (150 / 40 / 90 / 0.7 / 34.3, respectively); patient 3 (90 / 35 / 64 / 0.25 / 99.6); patient 4 (140 / 39/ 10/ 0.19/ 14.7); patient 5 (88 / 52 / 48 / 0.21 / 135.1); patient 6 (160 / 48 / 50 / 0.15 / 100.0); patient 7 (122 / 42 / 15 / 0.17 / 30.4). Consequently, taking into consideration the diagnostic marker CNSToxolndex more than 10.0, cerebral toxoplasmosis was diagnosed only in six patients from seven, in whom anti-toxoplasma antibodies in CSF were detected. Patient 1, despite clinical symptoms similar to cerebral toxoplasmosis, and substitute signs of cerebral toxoplasmosis detected with the help of neuroimaging methods (volumetric formation of the right frontal lobe with a ring-shaped enhancement), availability of specific anti-toxoplasma antibodies in blood serum and CSF, diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis has not been confirmed. M. tuberculosis DNA was found in CSF by PCR. Conclusions: CNSToxoIndex allows evaluating the local production of anti-toxoplasmic IgG in CNS and their diffusion from blood as a result of the blood-brain barrier damage and it is a powerful method of cerebral toxoplasmosis diagnostics in HIV-positive people as well.
Introduction: The recently described anaplasmosis infection is widespread but concerns to the insufficiently known group of diseases. The aim of our research is the development of uniform biological model for reproducing of artificial immunodeficient state by experimental anaplasmosis. Materials and methods: Algorithm of experimental anaplasmosis reproducing, consisted of such consecutive stages: 1) artificial forming of the immunodeficient state at nonlinear white mise (Mus musculus L.); 2) preparation of the tested biological material samples; 3) inoculation by prepared samples of the laboratory animals with the artificially formed immunodeficient state; 4) sampling from the dead or slaughtered (by the method of chloroformed anesthesia) experimental animals of sectional material (organs and targets tissues); 5) verification of aetiology by express detection of causative agents by the method of PCR in the selected samples of sectional material. Results: Biological model of experimental anaplasmosis have been created suitable for realization of both diagnostic and epidemiological, epizootic, ecobiological and other researches of different origin biological material samples, including samples of solid and liquid consistency material. Formed model realised in premature death of experimental animals in 17.4 % cases; resulted in an onset of disease clinical signs without death during the term of supervision in 43.8 % cases; coursed in the absence of the expressed symptoms of infection in 31.3 % cases. Conclusions: Developed biological model of experimental anaplasmosis consists in that as laboratory animals with the increased sensitiveness to the infection and accumulation of causative agent are used white nonlinear mice with the artificially formed immunodeficient state.
Influenza viruses, in particular A ‒ A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09, as well as influenza B virus, mainly (98%) of the B/Victoria line, continue to circulate during the current epidemic season. The level of influenza vaccination remains low, about 0.6% of the population of Ukraine, and among occupational and epidemiological risk groups ‒ 22.8%, according to the Public Health Centre of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. In the COVID-19 pandemic, simultaneous circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 can lead to difficulties in differential diagnosis and treatment. Comparison of clinical and laboratory features of severe influenza complicated by pneumonia caused by pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the epidemic season of 2015/2016 Kharkiv RCIDH with COVID-19 on clinical and laboratory data was the aim of the work. Patients and research methods. The analysis of clinical symptoms and laboratory examination data of 19 patients with influenza complicated by community-acquired pneumonia of clinical group IV who were treated at the Kharkiv Regional Hospital and their comparison with those of patients with COVID-19 according to the literature. Results and discussion. Among the studied patients, men predominated ‒ 12 persons (63.2%) aged 50.68±11.95 years. The predominant number had concomitant diseases. At the beginning of the disease, moderate weakness, headache, fever, minor catarrhal phenomena and, as a result, delayed hospitalization prevailed. From 3‒4 days of the disease the condition significantly worsened, shortness of breath and cyanosis joined. Typical initial symptoms of COVID-19 are fever of varying degrees (73%), unproductive cough (59%) and shortness of breath or shortness of breath. Conclusions. In patients with COVID-19 and severe influenza, a more acute onset of the disease was reported, with moderate weakness, headache and fever up to 38°C and symptoms of pharyngitis. Influenza patients often show a delay in seeking medical attention and hospitalization for 6.21±1.46 days of illness. The severity of the disease in influenza is due to the accession of community-acquired pneumonia, in contrast to COVID-19, where the typical features are diffuse, mostly subpleural lung affection. Vaccination of people at risk before the start of the epidemic season is necessary to prevent severe complications of influenza caused by the pandemic virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: influenza, pneumonia, COVID-19, diagnosis.
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