A one-step method that converts soybean oil into (acryloylamino)ethyl soyate, a new vinyl monomer of free radical polymerization, was developed. The synthesized monomer combines vinyl double bond (acryloyl functional group) and non-conjugated (isolated) double bonds of fatty acids. The double bond of the acryloyl group is reactive in a free radical chain polymerization that yields linear macromolecules containing isolated double bonds in side chains. Monomer reactivity ratios (r 1 , r 2 ) in copolymerization of the new soybean oil-based acrylic monomer (SBA) with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate, as well as the Q-e parameters of the SBA, were determined. The obtained results indicate that copolymerization can be described with the classical Mayo-Lewis equation. In terms of polymerizability, the SBA can be classified as an acrylic monomer. The double bonds of the fatty acid chains remain mainly unaffected during the free radical polymerization. The remaining unsaturated fragments in the side chains make the resulting macromolecules capable of further oxidative cross-linking and the development of cross-linked polymer coatings.
Environmentally friendly soybean-based polymeric surfactants (SBPS) were synthesized using cationic polymerization of a vinyl ether monomer derived from soybean and tri(ethylene glycol) ethyl vinyl ether. The ability of SBPS to form micelles that solubilize hydrophobic molecules has been shown. Micellar "capacity" (size of micellar interior) increased with increasing polymeric surfactant concentration and temperature. The obtained results provide evidence for potential use of SBPS as a safer replacement for low molecular weight surfactants in the solubilization of poorly soluble ingredients in cosmetics. The macromolecules developed can be used as both a surface active agent and an additive that enhances the surface activity of low molecular weight surfactants (for example, anionic sodium lauryl sulfate) in personal-care products.
Crystalline-to-amorphous transition of PSA triggers the release of fragrances from cross-linked latex particles at elevated temperatures. The presence of the encapsulated fragrance, as well as the inclusion of amorphous fragments in the polymer network, reduces the particle crystallinity and enhances the release. Release profiles can be tuned by temperature and controlled by the amount of loaded fragrance and the ratio of comonomers in the feed mixture.
Summary: Peroxide‐containing chitosan was synthesized using a polymer‐analogous reaction between chitosan and tert‐butylperoxymethyl ester of maleic acid. Peroxide‐containing chitosan macromolecules cross‐link into a polymeric hydrogel network in the presence of 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone upon heating. Polymeric hydrogels are formed due to reactions of radical chain transfer and recombination. Reacting radical species are chitosan macroradicals and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) macroradicals formed by decomposition of peroxide‐containing fragments. Synthesized hydrogels are pH‐responsive and facilitate drug release.
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