The proliferation of new region in Indonesia is one of the most challenging issues related to regional autonomy, financial management and poverty reduction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between government expenditure and poverty linked to the regional economic activity and labor absorption. The study used a quantitative research by means of time series data collected from the new proliferation areas in Central Kalimantan, including Pulang Pisau, Katingan, East Barito, Seruyan, Gunung Mas, Murung Raya, Sukamara, and Lamandau.  The analysis method used the path analysis to estimate statistical parameters indicating relationship between variables. The research result shows that poverty significantly affects on government expenditure in the new eight regency in Central Kalimantan province. Poverty has also had an impact on government expenditure through the provision of employment and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP).  The local government is expected to manage more effectively regional finances that focus on community economic activities.  The policy also opens  investment opportunity to increase economic activity and create jobs based on the prominent regional product such as agriculture, plantation and mining sectors. Investment can increase employment and indirectly reduce poverty.JEL Classification  H72; I38; J21

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Peatlands, as a type of ecosystem, are widely accepted to contribute to biodiversity, climate regulation, and human well-being. In comparison, it is reported that mismanagement of peatlands has resulted in a decline in environmental quality. To overcome this obstacle, the government should continue to investigate various cultivating strategies that allow for rapid propagation in order to accomplish the peatland restoration goal as efficiently as possible. However, due to the involvement in land restoration operations that initially met with little support from peatland farmers, their socioeconomic situation warranted further investigation. Therefore, this study examined the socioeconomic values associated with agricultural operations. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method and was conducted in Tumbang Nusa Village, Jabiren Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, a region prone to peatland fires. The data were collected via interviews with 45 key informants. Land ownership, plant species, farmer motivations, farmer income, the value of forests to peatland farmers, and their understanding of peatlands and management were all collected. The findings indicate that successful peatland cultivation and management have benefited the farmer community. Land tenure is divided into two categories for peatland farmers: those derived from a 2-hectare transmigration quota and those acquired through a sale process. They, in general, have a firm grasp on peatlands and how to manage them, despite past failures due to ineffective techniques. They grow both short-and long-term plants, with the majority motivated by a desire to increase income from peatland cultivation and management. They earn between USD 2,277 and USD 7,286.4 per year from agricultural and non-agricultural products, placing them in the category of high-income individuals. While farmers from Java and indigenous people manage peatlands differently, they share a common goal: preventing peatland fires so they can continue to reap the economic benefits of land management through farming. Finally, they believe that the forest is necessary for survival, believing that peatland forests must be protected in order to survive. However, this study demonstrates that they continue to require guidance and assistance with sustainable peatland management that takes into account the socioeconomic functions of peatlands, strikes a balance between environmental protection and local community development,

Current studies on tropical peatlands in Indonesia are mostly focused on the impacts of management practices on the environment. Studies on efforts to conserve and rehabilitate the degradation of tropical peatland involving farmers through agroforestry systems have been limited. By employing the qualitative survey with semi-structured interviews and field observations to agroforestry locations in two villages of Tumbang Nusa and Kalampangan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia aims to fill those research gaps. The results showed that the main motivation of farmers in starting agroforestry activities was the understanding that there would be limited trees in the future, and planting trees with a combination of intercrops provided adequate income. Agroforestry farmers who devote considerable time to agroforestry can meet the family's economic needs. Although further guidance is not typically provided, government intervention through tree planting programs also stimulates agroforestry activities. Intensive management of intercrops in various types can provide a good income. For intensive intercropping options, farmers follow market demand, while less intensive farmers prefer plants that do not require intensive management. Trees planted in agroforestry systems are only given fertilizer at the initial planting stage. Some farms receive fertilizer subsidies from government support programmes, but fertilizers are obtained from intercropping at the following stage. The study results imply that the community needs to get knowledge and training on agroforestry, which can be a way of conserving and rehabilitating tropical peatlands and a source of income.