/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at

/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf. 2006.06.008 Fire Safety Journal, 42, pp. 25-42, 2007-01-01 ABSTRACTThis paper describes both theoretical and experimental studies on the application of a portable water mist extinguisher in suppressing multiple fire types. Two prototype portable water mist fire extinguishers were developed and their feasibility in extinguishing flammable liquid, cooking oil and wood crib fires, and for use in fires associated with an energized target was investigated. The interaction between water mist and the fire plume was studied by analyzing the instantaneous process of fire extinction, and fire and fuel temperature profiles. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the extinguishing mechanisms and process as well as water mist characteristics required (such as water flux density, droplet size and spray coverage) change with the types of fires encountered. The portable water mist extinguisher with appropriate mist characteristics was able to extinguish multiple fire types.Key Words: water mist, portable extinguisher, multiple fire types and fire suppression.

/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:FIRE. 0000039161.18616.86 Fire Technology, 40, 4, pp. 309-333, 2004-10-01 ABSTRACTA series of full-scale experiments were conducted in a mock-up commercial cooking area to study extinguishing mechanisms and effectiveness of water mist against cooking oil fires. The impact of water mist characteristics, such as spray angle, droplet size, flow rate, discharge pressure and type of nozzle, on the effectiveness of water mist against cooking oil fires was investigated. A series of oil splash experiments were also conducted to determine if the oil was splashed by water mist. In addition, the change in oil composition during heating and fire suppression was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique.The study showed that cooking oil fires were very difficult to extinguish, because they burned at high temperature and re-ignited easily due to changes in oil composition during heating and fire suppression. The water mist systems developed in the present work effectively extinguished cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-ignition. The spray angle, discharge pressure, and water flow rate were important factors to determine the effectiveness of water mist in extinguishing cooking oil fires.

Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides synthesized in neurons located in the lateral (LH), perifornical, and dorsomedial (DMH) hypothalamus. These neurons innervate many regions in the brain and modulate multiple other neurotransmitter systems. As a result of these extensive projections and interactions orexins are involved in numerous functions, such as feeding behavior, neuroendocrine regulation, the sleep-wake cycle, and reward-seeking. This review will summarize the literature to date which has evaluated a role of orexins in the behavioral effects of alcohol, with a focus on understanding the importance of this peptide and its potential as a clinical therapeutic target for alcohol use disorders.

This paper describes water mist fire suppression effectiveness under various ventilation conditions. The full-scale fire test series were conducted in an empty enclosure and in a simulated machinery space. Fire scenarios in the tests included small and large pool fires, spray fires and wood crib fires that were placed at different locations within the compartment. The ventilation conditions varied from non-ventilation, natural ventilation to forced ventilation. A single-fluid/high pressure and a twin-fluid/low pressure water mist system were used, respectively, in the tests. The test results showed that water mist suppression effectiveness was dependent on ventilation rates, fire size, type and location in the compartment as well as the characteristics of the water mist system used. During tests, both single-and twinfluid water mist systems effectively extinguished fires under natural ventilation. Under forced ventilation, however, water mist fire suppression effectiveness was substantially reduced due to the strong mass exchange between the room and its surroundings.