Assessment of the mechanical properties of structural steels characterizing their strength and deformation parameters is an essential problem in the monitoring of structures that have been in operation for quite a long time. The properties of steel can change under the influence of loads, deformations, or temperatures. There is a problem of express determination of the steel grade used in structures—often met in the practice of civil engineering or machinery manufacturing. The article proposes the use of artificial neural networks for the classification and clustering of steel according to strength characteristics. The experimental studies of the mechanical characteristics of various steel grades were carried out, and a special device was developed for conducting tests by shock indentation of a conical indenter. A technique based on a neural network was built. The developed algorithm allows with average accuracy—over 95%—to attribute the results to the corresponding steel grade.
Abstract. The problem of mechanical properties measurement of steel structures by non-destructive method of impact cone indentation is considered. The method is based on analytical solution and experimental data of a problem of impact indentation by cone into elastic-plastic half-space. Nondestructive dynamic indentation method is one of more efficient for mechanical properties assessment because of compact instrument that makes it possible of measuring at any point of structure. The scheme of impact indentation was considered and the problem of elastic-plastic impact is solved. The device with a computer way of information processing was created and tested for determining the characteristics of the existing structures. The method was adopted and tested on bridge structures, butt welded joints, civil engineering structures and others.
The method of the steel structures diagnosis is considered with nondestructive test by truncated cone indentation. Recently, great interest in the nondestructive evaluating of the steel mechanical properties at real structures is developed in many applied problems. Dynamic indentation method is one of the most effective because of compatibility and accuracy. For this purpose static and dynamic problem of axisymmetric elasticplastic truncated cone indentation is solved and the results are compared with finite element analysis and experimental data. The method of nondestructive evaluating of mechanical characteristics is suggested and devise of the realization of the method is tested at real structures.
Abstract. The article presents a comprehensive method for diagnosing underground structures using the example of an underground pedestrian crossing located in Rostov-on-Don. The problem of assessing the condition of buildings and structures is very relevant at all stages of the life cycle. There is a special need for continuous monitoring of bearing structures for many buildings with critical applications especially if reliability of which determines the life and health of people. This work considered complex method included geodetic research, geological study of the state of subsoil, analysis of state of steel and reinforced concrete structures, vibro diagnostics of load-bearing structures under dynamic technogenic impacts and an assessment of the mechanical characteristics of steel and reinforced concrete structures in order to develop a conclusion on the overall state of the transition and the possibility of its further operation. Analysis of the response from arbitrary non-stationary effects on structural elements is carried out on the base of the calculated spectrum of reference impacts.
One of the disadvantages of reinforced concrete is the large weight of structures due to the steel reinforcement. A way to overcome this issue and develop new types of reinforcing elements is by using polymer composite reinforcement, which can successfully compensate for the shortcomings of steel reinforcement. Additionally, a promising direction is the creation of variotropic (transversely isotropic) building elements. The purpose of this work was to numerically analyze improved short bending concrete elements with a variotropic structure reinforced with polymer composite rods and to determine the prospects for the further extension of the results obtained for long-span structures. Numerical models of beams of a transversally isotropic structure with various types of reinforcement have been developed in a spatially and physically nonlinear formulation in ANSYS software considering cracking and crashing. It is shown that, in combination with a stronger layer of the compressed zone of the beam, carbon composite reinforcement has advantages and provides a greater bearing capacity than glass or basalt composite. It has been proven that the use of the integral characteristics of concrete and the deflections of the elements are greater than those when using the differential characteristics of concrete along the height of the section (up to 5%). The zones of the initiation and propagation of cracks for different polymer composite reinforcements are determined. An assessment of the bearing capacity of the beam is given. A significant (up to 146%) increase in the forces in the reinforcing bars and a decrease in tensile stresses (up to 210–230%) were established during the physically non-linear operation of the concrete material. The effect of a clear redistribution of stresses is in favor of elements with a variotropic cross section in height.
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