One of the main ways to improve product quality, obtained by forging, is implementing shear and alternating deformation (severe plastic deformation) during deformation process, which allows manufacturing products with required mechanical properties and less forging reduction. In practice, it is possible to implement shear and alternating deformation by improving the design of the ingots or the billets, forging tools, heating modes and forging method. In this paper newly designed forging die, which allows implementation of shear and alternating deformation without sufficient changes of the billet sizes, is proposed. By the research results of the new forging technology influence in the proposed tools on the microstructure evolution, it was found, that the use of the newly designed step-wedge dies has more potential for manufacturing high-quality forgings with required level of mechanical properties.
The paper presents theoretical studies of a new deformation process combining the stages of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and the “Linex” scheme. For correct finite element modeling of the process, a technique with sequential input for the calculation of conveyor links is presented. To analyze the efficiency of metal processing, the main parameters of the stress–strain state are considered: equivalent strain, equivalent stress, and average hydrostatic pressure, as well as the deformation force on the main elements of the combined process: pulley, matrix, and conveyor link. To analyze the resulting deformation forces, the stages of pressing in a matrix and compression by a chain conveyor were separately considered. Equations for determining the forces acting on the drive pulley, ECA matrix, and the chain element link were obtained. Comparison of values showed that the force values in the calculation and simulation have a high level of convergence. In all three considered details, the difference value did not exceed 10%. The variational modeling allowed to determine the optimal values of the main technological and geometric parameters of the process.
Abstract. Graphitized steel in some cases, due to its intermediate position in composition and properties between low-carbon steel and cast iron, can provide the necessary combination of properties of structural material. They are successfully replace ductile iron, carbon and low-alloy steel in the manufacture of critical parts of machines and mechanisms.
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