The article presents the results of an analysis of the current state of freight transportation in innovative type vessels (hovercraft, hydrofoils, cargo, passenger and cargo-passenger single and multi-hull displacement vessels). Foreign and domestic experience in the field of design and operation of the types of vessels under consideration is summarized, the most interesting examples and developments are given. A number of publications in the field under consideration were analyzed, the most interesting and promising proposals and recommendations of various scientists and authors were identified. Based on the completed review of experience, as well as the analysis of scientific publications, conclusions and proposals were made on the most promising areas of further research on improving the organizational and technical aspects of freight transportation using high-speed and innovative-type vessels.
The article justifies the relevance of improving the accuracy of determining the weight of cargo by draught of a vessel in order to increase the economic efficiency of the operation of ships. The authors propose to install remote draught meters on ships, and offer efficiency calculations for the introduction of devices for measuring the draught of ships and their application in practice. The analysis showed that, using traditional methods of draught determination, there is a very significant measurement error that negatively affects the quality of transportation and the reliability of determining the mass of the cargo. The authors present the methodology for determining the economic efficiency of ship equipment with remote draught meters. On test cases, performed for the conditions of transportation of various cargoes on specific lines, the expected efficiency of using remote precipitation gauges is shown in comparison with traditional methods for determining the ship's draft. According to the results obtained, the payback of the installation of draught meters on ships for low tariff cargoes occurs during five voyages, for more expensive and high tariff cargoes during the first voyage.
The article defines the main directions for the formation of a digital platform and the key principles of the goal of implementing digitalization in relation to inland water transport. A systematic approach to the analysis of the problems of digitalization of inland waterway transport is proposed, including a set of graphical and matrix models characterizing this sub-sector of transport and logistics. The main components of the concept "Smart inland water transport" are considered and outlined. Considering this, promising directions for the development of information and telecommunication and intelligent services for inland water transport are formulated. A SWOT analysis of the digitalization of the industry was also carried out, as a result of which management strategies in inland water transport were proposed taking into account the identified strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In the final part of paper basic aspects of introduction of active information systems during inland water transport digitalization, structure of such systems and problems of their creation and functioning are considered. The presented models allow us to characterize and visualize the problems of the formation of "end-to-end" technologies of inland water transport, as part of the problems of the digital economy, to outline the directions of integration of information resources and approaches to "expanded" organizations, including all those interested in the implementation of relevant transport services.
The article discusses the problem of determining the optimal location of cargo terminals in the cargo delivery system. The methods and approaches by which this task is traditionally solved are considered. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, it was concluded that it is advisable to use the center of gravity method of cargo flows to solve the indicated problem. Proposals have been made to finalize this approach, taking into account a number of additional criteria that are important for interested participants in the transport and logistics delivery system. The methodology for determining the optimal location of the terminal in the system of cargo transportation along the international transport corridor with the participation of river transport has been developed and presented. The results of testing of the methodology on the reference example on grain transportation within the framework of the international transport corridor "North-South" are given. Conclusions were drawn on the possibility of using the proposed methodology in the formation of a reference network of terminals in transport and logistics systems for the delivery of goods in international and regional traffic, as well as possible directions for its development.
The article proposes a methodical approach to determine operating costs for a hovercraft. The presented method differs by taking into account the peculiarities of operating hovercraft during the round year. In this case, the methodology allows you to determine operating costs separately for navigation (summer) and internavigation (winter) periods. The article tested the methodology using the example of intracity and suburban routes of the Nizhny Novgorod transport hub. The calculation results were also approximated, the use of which for specific routes will make it possible to quickly find the value of the cost of passenger transportation and the passenger's fare depending on it. The conclusion defines the scope of application of the proposed methodological approach when justifying the costs and size of tariffs for passenger transportation on suburban and intra-city lines, as well as for determining the areas of use and competitiveness of hovercraft compared to other modes of transport.
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