Abstract. The work presents the prerequisites to replace the window units in the historical buildings (primarily increased energy efficiency standards of buildings and significantly changed performance requirements of window units). The analysis of possible replacement options (full/partial) of window units of the historical buildings is done according to their architectural and historical values. A review is made of the existing technological capabilities of modern window systems and translucent filling (double-glazed windows), as well as the most common solutions used in practice. The issue of providing the temperature-humidity conditions of the nodes of adjunctions of the window blocks to the openings of the external walls in the winter operating conditions is considered. For this purpose, a numerical simulation of the temperature fields of the junction points is made for various structural embodiments of window frames. It is established that in the case of a full replacement of window blocks and maintaining the existing structure of external walls (the calculation is made using the example of the most common external wall for Central Russia -a brick wall 770 mm thick), condensation may form on the inner surface of window slopes. Different options are suggested for window blocks installation, which ensure the fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements. Further directions for the research on the use of modern types of translucent structures in the historical buildings are outlined.
Abstract. The work presents the possibilities of using PVC window units in the historical buildings. There are reasons of their widespread use in projects of adaptation of historical buildings for modern use. The analysis of possible replacement options of window units of the historical heritage is done according to their architectural and historical values of the exterior and the interior. A review is made of the existing technological capabilities of modern PVC window systems used in the historical buildings. Examples of application of PVC window units in historical buildings of various architectural styles are given. Examples of structural solutions of window units and stained glass windows made of PVC in historical heritage are considered. The analysis of perspective ways of the use of modern types of translucent fillings in historical buildings can significantly improve the energy performance of these buildings and provide them with conditions that meet the modern requirements of comfort and safety.
The basics of the automated selection of mobile construction cranes on the parametric conformity of the mounted structures are outlined. The tasks of crane selection are solved based on the software package created: the position of the axes of movement and the position of the crane stops during the installation of one-storey industrial buildings is determined. The organization and technology of using mobile cranes on a pneumatic move is considered. Special attention is paid to cranes on the chassis of various types of cars of domestic and foreign production. The zones of admissible parking of cranes during installation and cargo handling operations are studied. The recommendations for determining the maximum and minimum allowable hook lifting using the above algorithms are given. The composition of the software package, service programs, a crane selection subroutine, a subroutine for checking the possibility of lifting a crane with a given arrow and modification, a subroutine for determining the crane parking area, service programs, a program for creating and maintaining libraries of crane characteristics are given. The article describes the algorithms and developed computer programs. The results of the calculations described in the work can be used at the stage of development the POS, PPR and in the analysis of new technological solutions. The recommendations and proposals are intended for research, design and construction organizations.
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