Дослідження спрямоване на підвищення ефективності виробництва зернових культур шляхом аналізу протиріч між агротехнічними та економічними показниками їх збирання і розроблення концептуальних основ розвитку конструкцій та виробництва базових моделей зернозбиральних комбайнів. Методи досліджень базувалися на принципах структурно-системного аналізу та синтезу систем виробництва зернових. У технології збирання зернових культур із укладанням незернової частини урожаю у валки має місце агротехнічне та економічне протиріччя, оскільки витрати пального, коштів та праці на збирання незернової частини урожаю в декілька разів перевищують витрати на збирання зернової частини урожаю. Встановлено протиріччя несумісності економічно обумовлених способів обмолоту зернових культур зернозбиральними комбайнами із високим технічним рівнем і їх високою вартістю. За таких умов доцільно спрямувати зусилля на зменшення вартості зернозбиральних комбайнів, строку експлуатації мобільної молотарки, енергоємності, розроблення нових принципів і способів обмолоту, повної автоматизації та роботизації технологічних процесів. Розроблено концептуальні основи розвитку конструкцій і виробництва зернозбиральних комбайнів в Україні на основі базових моделей мобільних молотарок із пропускною здатністю 1,5 кг/с, 3–6 кг/с, 6–15 кг/с та 15–25 кг/с.
Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the combine harvester by establishing the effect its throughput (thresher loading) on the quality indicators of the grain separated by a preliminary threshing device. Methods. Experimental researches were carried out using the method planning and conducting single-factor experiments. The processing of experimental results was carried out taking into account the methods by regression analysis. The approximation of the experimental dependencies by the mathematical model was performed using the least squares method using the statistical software package STATISTIKA-6.5. Results. A combined technological process transportation and threshing of grain-straw mass (GSM) was developed, which is based on a preliminary threshing device and takes into account the differences in the interaction of GSM with the device drum bars. The identity the processes change in the energy of germination and seed germination culture germination depending on the level loading for all the considered device options is noted. For each device option, a rational value throughput is established, which corresponds to a high level of germination energy. Conclusions. The highest germination energy level harvested grain is 99% set for a header, the drum of which contains four strips, when the combine thresher is loaded at 7.5 kg/s. For a serial header, a high germination rate of 92% is set when the thresher is loaded at 8.5–9.5 kg/s; for a header with a preliminary threshing device with a whip under the drum at 97% when loading 6–7 kg/s; for a header with a smooth drum 94.0–94.5% with a threshing load of 8–9 kg/s; for the reaper, the drum of which contains two strips about 95% when loading the thresher 3–4 kg/s, respectively. Comparing with the serial, for a header with the four slats drum, a higher 7% level of seed germination has been noted with a slight (1.0–1.5 kg/s) reduction in the capacity of the combine. Keywords: combine harvester, header, device for preliminary threshing of grain, grain-straw mass, germination energy, seed germination.
Production of high viscous oil from reservoirs is associated with high level of geological and technological risks. In order to make heavy oil projects economically valuable, it is important to reach sufficient levels of oil production to cover the high costs of used technologies. It is very well known that thermal methods are the ones having the highest positive impact on the heavy oil recovery. The complexity of the physical processes while implementation of such methods represents a significant engineering challenge in terms of planning and finding optimal field development scenario. Modern modeling tool such as detailed integrated model combining the reservoir and the surface network simulators allow the engineers to model the complex physical phenomena and investigate in details different "what-if" scenarios, thus allowing them to find and implement optimal solutions, minimize risks and achieve economical profitability of complex heavy oil projects. However, prior to application of such complex models for making engineering decisions it is crucial to ensure, that they are able to deliver stable and valid results in the entire range of the possible input parameters changes. These changes of parameters can be dictated by either uncertainty of the initial data due to limited availability and quality or by actual variation as the result of complex physical phenomena. This paper describes a challenge of modeling of the shallow heavy oil field Katangli, where for 40 years the cyclic steam injection heavy oil recovery technology has been implemented. In this work, the comprehensive thermodynamic models of the reservoir and the surface infrastructure were built in order to take into account for all necessary physical effects. These models were then combined into the single "reservoir-to-surface" integrated model in order to consider the behavior of the entire system and counter influence of the both parts on each other. While building and calibration those models several important studies were performed with each part of the integrated model, which helped to better understand the process of cycling steam injection, specificities of its application and modeling, and to address issues related to initial data availability, quality and variability and their potential impact on engineering decisions in future.
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