According to current data, the caddisfly fauna of the Urals and neighboring territories consists of 169 species from 18 families. There are 64 species of Trichoptera listed in the Polar Urals and neighboring Yamal Peninsula, 80 species are recorded in the Northern Urals, 80 species inhabit the Middle Urals, 83 species are recorded in the Southern Urals. The highest species diversity is observed in the family Limnephilidae (66 species). Families Leptoceridae (27 species), Hydroptilidae (19 species) and Phryganeidae (13 species) are also characterized by high species richness.
The first data on the chironomids fauna of the Franz Josef Land archipelago belong to M. Goetghebuer (1933). He noted 16 adults males Hydrobaenus conformis (Holmgren, 1869). In the present study, three new species (Diamesa (Diamesa) arctica (Boheman, 1865), Limnophyes pumilio (Holmgren, 1869), Tokunagaia rectangularis (Goetghebuer, 1940)) and one new subfamily (Diamesinae) are recorded in the Franz Josef Land archipelago bringing the chironomid fauna in this archipelago to a total of seven species from two subfamilies.
Flight period results of chironomid species from the Middle Urals are grouped into eight categories. Six different peaks of chironomid flight activity during the year are established, namely: early-spring, late-spring, July, late-summer, early-autumn and winter. The flight periods of chironomids from the Middle Urals and southern Swedish lakes are compared.
Chironomids of the Diamesinae subfamily from the Russian Arctic were studied using both morphological characters and molecular data. Adult males of Diamesa urvantsevi sp. nov., D. amplexivirilia Hansen, Arctodiamesa appendiculata (Lundström) from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and D. arctica (Boheman), Pseudokiefferiella sp. from Vaigach Island were described, redescribed, annotated and figured. A reference 658 bp barcode sequence from a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was used as a tool for species delimitation. For D. arctica (Boheman) and Pseudokiefferiella sp. close DNA barcodes from Norway were performed, which allowed to relate these specimens to the described species. Comparisons with corresponding regions of COI between each described species and close related congeneric species produced K2P genetic distances of 0.11–0.16, values well associated with interspecific variation. Phylogenetic relationships for genera Arctodiamesa Makarchenko and Pseudokiefferiella Zavřel were reconstructed for the first time.
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