Technology has transformed the lives of adolescents, including the ways they bully one another. Variously referred to as electronic bullying, online bullying, or cyberbullying, this new method of bullying involves the use of e-mail, instant messaging, Web sites, voting booths, and chat or bash rooms to deliberately pick on and torment others. To combat cyberbullying, educators need to better understand the nature of it and be aware of actions that they can undertake to prevent cyberbullying in the schools.
A well-conceived field trip to a hospital serves several important purposes for elementary school students: (1) it acquaints students with local places of employment while demonstrating the essentiality of work and the need for employees to work together to provide valuable community services, and (2) it helps to reduce the level of anxiety children generally associate with their own hospitalization. In order for a field trip to be something more than a relatively meaningless out-of-school frill, it needs to be carefully planned and carried out. This article offers numerous practical suggestions for getting ready for the hospital visit, the tour itself, and ways to follow-up on the visit, thereby maximizing the educational value of the field trip for elementary age students.KEY WORDS: field trip; childhood hospitalization; elementary school career awareness.
Although most counselor educators would agree that racism should be discussed and activities should be provided to make counselors in training more sensitive to racism and the need for change, would a perusal of the current syllabi of counselor education courses reveal racism as a major topic for consideration? McConahay, Hardee, and Batts (198 1) argued convincingly that racism is in America is as strong today as ever. Although the issues have changed, many White counselors still fail to acknowledge the validity and significance of the minority experience. Batts (1982) and Vontress ( 197 1) have contended that White counselors continue to encounter difficulties in counseling minority clients because they fail to appreciate both the similarities and differences between ethnic groups and because the counselors' negative experiences and attitudes preclude the establishment of trusting, caring, and intimate relationships.Citing numerous articles, Parker and McDavis (1979) stressed the importance of counselors becoming more aware of their behaviors and attitudes toward minority clients. Shertzer and Stone (1980) stressed the need for counselors to be helped in facilitating cross-cultural interpersonal relationships. Parker and McDavis (1979) emphasized the need for descriptive articles describing step-by-step classroom activities that can be used to assist counselors in increasing their understanding of ethnic minorities.Although these writers have emphasized the need, the "how to," with one exception, has not been described. For a counselor educator in an urban area where different ethnic minorities abound, a "how to" approach is necessary. This article describes one such approach to helping counselors increase their understanding of the differences in backgrounds, values, and life-styles of minorities.
THE CROSS-CULTURAL DYADIC ENCOUNTERModeled after Peterson's ( 1977) "Soulmates" and Peterson and Thayer's (1 975) counseling encounter, the Cross-Cultural Dyadic Encounter (CCDE)
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.