This radiogenomics strategy for identifying imaging biomarkers may enable a more rapid evaluation of novel imaging modalities, thereby accelerating their translation to personalized medicine.

RNA helicase A (RHA) is a highly conserved protein with multifaceted functions in the gene expression of cellular and viral mRNAs. RHA recognizes highly structured nucleotides and catalytically rearranges the various interactions between RNA, DNA, and protein molecules to provide a platform for the ribonucleoprotein complex. We present the first solution structures of the double‐stranded RNA‐binding domains (dsRBDs), dsRBD1 and dsRBD2, from mouse RHA. We discuss the binding mode of the dsRBDs of RHA, in comparison with the known dsRBD structures in their complexes. Our structural data provide important information for the elucidation of the molecular reassembly mediated by RHA. Proteins 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Medical image biomarkers of cancer promise improvements in patient care through advances in precision medicine. Compared to genomic biomarkers, image biomarkers provide the advantages of being non-invasive, and characterizing a heterogeneous tumor in its entirety, as opposed to limited tissue available via biopsy. We developed a unique radiogenomic dataset from a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cohort of 211 subjects. The dataset comprises Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT images, semantic annotations of the tumors as observed on the medical images using a controlled vocabulary, and segmentation maps of tumors in the CT scans. Imaging data are also paired with results of gene mutation analyses, gene expression microarrays and RNA sequencing data from samples of surgically excised tumor tissue, and clinical data, including survival outcomes. This dataset was created to facilitate the discovery of the underlying relationship between tumor molecular and medical image features, as well as the development and evaluation of prognostic medical image biomarkers.

In this prospective survey of referring physicians, we investigated whether and how Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen 11 (Ga-PSMA-11) PET/CT affects the implemented management of prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR). We conducted a prospective survey of physicians (NCT02940262) who referred 161 patients with prostate cancer BCR (median prostate-specific antigen value, 1.7 ng/mL; range, 0.05-202 ng/mL). Referring physicians completed one questionnaire before the scan to indicate the treatment plan withoutGa-PSMA-11 PET/CT information (Q1; = 101), one immediately after the scan to denote intended management changes (Q2; = 101), and one 3-6 mo later to document the final implemented management (Q3; = 56). The implemented management was also obtained via electronic chart review or patient contact ( = 45). A complete documented management strategy (Q1 + Q2 + implemented management) was available for 101 of 161 patients (63%). Seventy-six of these (75%) had a positiveGa-PSMA-11 PET/CT result. The implemented management differed from the prescan intended management (Q1) in 54 of 101 patients (53%). The postscan intended management (Q2) differed from the prescan intended management (Q1) in 62 of 101 patients (61%); however, these intended changes were not implemented in 29 of 62 patients (47%). Pelvic nodal and extrapelvic metastatic disease on Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (PSMA T0N1M0 and PSMA T0N1M1 patterns) was significantly associated with implemented management changes ( = 0.001 and 0.05). Information fromGa-PSMA-11 PET/CT brings about management changes in more than 50% of prostate cancer patients with BCR (54/101; 53%). However, intended management changes early after Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT frequently differ from implemented management changes.

BACKGROUND:In head and neck cancer (HNC), 3-month post-treatment positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) reliably identifies persistent/recurrent disease. However, further PET/CT surveillance has unclear benefit. The impact of posttreatment PET/CT surveillance on outcomes is assessed at 12 and 24 months. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective analysis of HNC patients was carried out with long-term serial imaging. Imaging at 3 months included either PET/CT or magnetic resonance imaging, with all subsequent imaging comprised of PET/CT. PET/CT scans at 12 and 24 months were evaluated only if preceding interval scans were negative. Of 1114 identified patients, 284 had 3-month scans, 175 had 3-and 12-month scans, and 77 had 3-, 12-, and 24-month scans. RESULTS: PET/CT detection rates in clinically occult patients were 9% (15 of 175) at 12 months, and 4% (3 of 77) at 24 months. No difference in outcomes was identified between PET/CT-detected and clinically detected recurrences, with similar 3-year diseasefree survival (41% vs 46%, P ¼ .91) and 3-year overall survival (60% vs 54%, P ¼ .70) rates. Compared with 3-month PET/CT, 12-month PET/CT demonstrated fewer equivocal reads (26% vs 10%, P < .001). Of scans deemed equivocal, 6% (5 of 89) were ultimately found to be positive. CONCLUSIONS: HNC patients with negative 3-month imaging appear to derive limited benefit from subsequent PET/ CT surveillance. No survival differences were observed between PET/CT-detected and clinically detected recurrences, although larger prospective studies are needed for further investigation.