The rising demand for pharmaceutical particles with tailored physicochemical properties has opened new markets for spray drying especially for solubility enhancement, improving inhalation medicines and stabilization of biopharmaceuticals. Despite this, the spray drying literature is scattered and often does not address the principles underpinning robust development of pharmaceuticals. It is therefore necessary to present clearer picture of the field and highlight the factors influencing particle design and scale-up. Areas covered: The review presents a systematic analysis of the trends in development of particle delivery systems using spray drying. This is followed by exploring the mechanisms governing particle formation in the process stages. Particle design factors including those of equipment configurations and feed/process attributes were highlighted. Finally, the review summarises the current industrial approaches for upscaling pharmaceutical spray drying. Expert opinion: Spray drying provides the ability to design particles of the desired functionality. This greatly benefits the pharmaceutical sector especially as product specifications are becoming more encompassing and exacting. One of the biggest barriers to product translation remains one of scale-up/scale-down. A shift from trial and error approaches to model-based particle design helps to enhance control over product properties. To this end, process innovations and advanced manufacturing technologies are particularly welcomed.

The development of processes to produce the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, acalabrutinib 1, has resulted in improvements to the yield, cycle time, and operability, to realize a robust commercial manufacturing process. A highly accelerated clinical program meant that numerous key process challenges had to be resolved in a short timeframe. Issues are discussed, such as the uncontrolled epimerization of a chiral center and the control of the acalabrutinib 1 crystallization step, which was prone to oiling. Specifically, work to understand the complex polymorph landscape of a key intermediate (to facilitate resolution of a filtration issue) is described.

This report presents the results of a survey of UK university libraries carried out in October/November 1970 by the Aslib Computer Applications Group on behalf of Aslib, SCONUL, and the National Libraries ADP Study. Questionnaire response was obtained from 61 libraries, and the survey may be regarded as having effectively complete coverage of all UK university libraries with computer applications. The broad picture presented is of widespread mechanisation of the housekeeping rather than the information retrieval type. Over 60% of libraries had one or more applications; over 60% of all applications were in the cataloguing area, as distinct from the areas of acquisition, circulation and miscellaneous applications. Five libraries plan to have a fairly comprehensive range of applications by 1972. The amount of effort going into library automation is formidable, equivalent to the effort of (very approximately) 50 full‐time persons divided roughly equally between library staff and system analysts/programmers. This is only UK university library effort: a fraction of total UK library automation effort. This raises the question of the degree of communication, cooperation and coordination between projects, and it is noted that really significant cooperation tends to take place only with central encouragement and support. It is concluded that the speed of growth of the exchange and use of machine readable bibliographic records will be proportional to the amount of support and initiative provided by central organisations such as the British Library.

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