Among adults undergoing noncardiac surgery, MINS is common and associated with substantial mortality.

Background: We postulated that the abundance of various metabolites in blood would facilitate the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary lesions, which could potentially prevent unnecessary surgery.Methods: Serum samples from patients with benign hepatobiliary disease (n ¼ 43) and from patients with pancreatic cancer (n ¼ 56) were examined by

Current literature suggests that the safer means of pancreatic reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy is pancreaticogastrostomy, but much of the evidence comes from observational cohort study data.

Percutaneous cholecystostomy is an alternative to cholecystectomy in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who are at high risk for surgical mortality and morbidity. It appears to have a low complication rate and good clinical success. Because a significant number of patients suffer recurrent attacks, elective cholecystectomy should be considered routinely. Unfortunately, firm criteria for selecting percutaneous cholecystostomy over cholecystectomy are lacking, and the surgeon's clinical judgment is critically important.