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Neoliberal Globalization and Trade Unionism: Toward Radical Political Unionism? Martin UpchurchMiddlesex University, London, UK
Andy Mathers
University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
AbstractThis article revisits the question of changing forms of trade unionism within the context of neoliberal globalization. While it broadly accepts the argument that globalization might encourage the development of more radical forms of unionism as survival strategies, it argues that such radicalism cannot be understood satisfactorily by the term Social Movement Unionism (SMU). This is due to over-reliance on theories of the New Social Movements (NSMs), which produce a largely de-classed and de-politicized perspective. The article uses insights gained from theoretical work on protest and labor movement development to bring the state back into the analysis and applies this analysis to oppositional trade union practice in a variety of institutional contexts. It concludes by making a case for understanding contemporary forms of oppositional trade union strategy through the term radical political unionism which takes account of both its social and political determinants as well as the agency role played by political leaderships.
Union density in France has fallen to exceptionally low levels, yet unions are able to mobilise millions of supporters against government austerity measures. Some authors therefore argue that the union revitalisation literature overemphasises density over other power resources. The article first confirms the decline of density and the scale of the challenges unions face in organising in the face of restructuring and casualisation. Second, it is argued that unions have retained some policy influence by forming strategic alliances among themselves, although pressures for fragmentation remain strong. Third, unions' mobilising capacity indicates the need to find new ways of coordinating action at all levels. The article thus not only confirms the inadequacy of density alone as a measure of union vitality but also highlights the challenges, and some opportunities, facing unions in hostile economic conditions.
▪ There are growing indications that the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) is undergoing a shift in strategic orientation from an exclusive focus on institutional 'social partnership' within the European Union towards a more campaigning 'social movement' model. This article explores two recent campaigns, on the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Convention on the Future of Europe, and considers how far these developments mark the emergence of a distinctive trade union identity at European level. The article concludes with examples of other areas where the ETUC could encourage 'internal dialogue' within European trade unionism and develop further a 'hybrid' transnational identity.
In this article, I discuss the use of illustrators, affect displays and regulators, which I consider to be non-verbal communication categories through which conductors can employ a more varied approach to body use, gesture and non-verbal communication. These categories employ the use of a conductor's hands and arms, face, eyes and body in a way that is currently being missed by many conducting programs. By utilizing three gestural modes, declamatory, corrective and narrative, conductors have a framework to apply these nonverbal communication categories, dependent on the skill level of the ensemble, the level of experience the ensemble has of the work at hand and the requirements of the music. Although corrective mode gestures are important for conductors, as they emphasize clarity and precision, more use could be made of illustrators and affect displays by conductors at all levels of entering behavior in order to access the declamatory mode, and regulators and affect displays in order to access the narrative mode. These modes promote the enhancement of expressive conducting beyond the beat patterns.
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