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We report on the response of graphene to high intensity mid-IR radiation and show that graphene exhibits saturable absorption and significant two-photon absorption in the spectral region from 1.55 µm to 3.50 µm (0.35 eV to 0.80 eV). We find that the effective modulation depth of multilayer graphene is limited by two-photon absorption which will affect its performance as a laser modelocking element. The measured saturation intensities of femtosecond pulses were found to depend on the third power of photon energy when we combined our results with others reported in literature, while those of longer pulses were found to have a square root dependence.

Abstract-The performance of mid-infrared Er3+ -doped fiber lasers has dramatically improved in the last few years. In this paper we present a numerical model that provides valuable insight into the dynamics of a dual-wavelength pumped fiber laser that can operate on the 3.5 µm and 2.8 µm bands. This model is a much needed tool for optimizing and understanding the performance of these laser systems. Comparisons between simulation and experimental results for three different systems are presented.

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