vesicostomy (two) and Meckel's diverticulum (one). Thirty-six patients had both urinary and fecal continent stomas created. RESULTSThe mean follow-up for the appendix group was 46 months for the urinary stoma and 23 months for the Malone antegrade continent enema (MACE) stoma. Stomarelated complications occurred in 24 of 112 (21%) patients; there was complete channel fibrosis in five (4%). The mean follow-up for the Yang-Monti group was 38 months for the urinary and 59.2 months for the MACE stoma. There were stoma-related problems in 11 of 49 (22%) patients, with complete channel fibrosis in three (6%). Overall, in the longterm follow-up, there were stoma-related complications in 42 of 179 (23.5%) procedures. CONCLUSIONSContinent catheterizable stomas are a feasible and reliable method for treating urinary and fecal incontinence. Long-term success can be accomplished with appendix, transverse tubularized intestinal segments and caecal flaps, with similar complication rates in all groups. Surgeon preference and individual patient status should determine the surgical technique to be used.

Transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephrectomy can be performed for benign disease in children with minimal morbidity, improved cosmesis and short hospital stay. Complication rate does not depend on the surgical approach, but rather on the age of the patient.