Theranostics are drugs suitable for use in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, and have played an important role in the advancement of modern nuclear medicine. This review explains key elements that are common to successful theranostics and highlights significant developments in the field, including our own. Specific focus is given to peptides and those features that make them most suitable for theranostic application, as well as some key radioisotopes owing to their favourable properties and high clinical utility. This report provides an overview of the techniques at the researcher’s disposal, how they have been applied to current clinically significant targets, and how they might be used and improved upon for future targets.
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