Purpose: Precision pain medicine focuses on employing methods to assess each patient individually, identify their risk profile for disproportionate pain and/or the development of chronic pain, and optimize therapeutic strategies to target specific pathological processes underlying chronic pain. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the current body of knowledge regarding psychological, physiological, and genetic determinants of chronic pain related to precision pain medicine. Methods: Following the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) criteria, we employed PubMed/Medline to identify relevant articles using primary database search terms to query articles such as: precision medicine, non-modifiable factors, pain, anesthesiology, quantitative sensory testing, genetics, pain medicine, and psychological. Results: Precision pain medicine provides an opportunity to identify populations at risk, develop personalized treatment strategies, and reduce side effects and cost through elimination of ineffective treatment strategies. As in other complex chronic health conditions, there are two broad categories that contribute to chronic pain risk: modifiable and non-modifiable patient factors. This review focuses on three primary determinants of health, representing both modifiable and non-modifiable factors, that may contribute to a patient's profile for risk of developing pain and most effective management strategies: psychological, physiological, and genetic factors. Conclusion: Consideration of these three domains is already being integrated into patient care in other specialties, but by understanding the role they play in development and maintenance of chronic pain, we can begin to implement both precision and personalized treatment regimens.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is commonly utilized for treatment and management of chronic intractable low back and lower extremity pain. Although SCS is an overall low-risk procedure, there are potential life-threatening complications, including surgical site infections, such as an epidural abscess. Immunosuppression, a
In an era of widespread internet-based commerce, any company with a web-based storefront is looking for ways to improve the customer experience, with the ultimate goal of facilitating purchases. This process can take many forms and use many strategies, but all of them start with one core task. The company must be able to identify who is least likely and most likely to make a purchase. We suggest that with basic web browsing analytics, machine learning with integrated artificial intelligence accompany with deep learning component can provide this capability, and is a viable tool for effective customer segmentation.
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