Motion artifacts should be removed from EMG data collected during WBV. We propose that neuromuscular responses during WBV may be modulated by leg muscle cocontraction as a postural control strategy and/or muscle tuning by the CNS intended to minimize soft-tissue vibration.

ISO standards indicate that 10 min.d(-1) WBVT is potentially harmful to the human body; the risk of adverse health effects may be lower during RV than VV and at half-squats rather than full-squats or upright stance. More research is needed to explore the long-term health hazards of WBVT.

Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains (BASALT) is a science-driven exploration program seeking to determine the best tools, techniques, training requirements, and execution strategies for conducting Mars-relevant field science under spaceflight mission conditions. BASALT encompasses Science , Science Operations , and Technology objectives. This article outlines the BASALT Science Operations background, strategic research questions, study design, and a portion of the results from the second field test. BASALT field tests are used to iteratively develop, integrate, test, evaluate, and refine new concepts of operations (ConOps) and capabilities that enable efficient and productive science. This article highlights the ConOps investigated during BASALT in light of future planetary extravehicular activity (EVA), which will focus on scientific exploration and discovery, and serves as an introduction to integrating exploration flexibility with operational rigor, the value of tactical and strategic science planning and execution, and capabilities that enable and enhance future science EVA operations.

The articles associated with this Special Collection focus on the NASA BASALT (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains) Research Program, which aims at answering the question, “How do we support and enable scientific exploration during human Mars missions?” To answer this the BASALT team conducted scientific field studies under simulated Mars mission conditions to both broaden our understanding of the habitability potential of basalt-rich terrains on Mars and examine the effects of science on current Mars mission concepts of operations. This article provides an overview of the BASALT research project, from the science, to the operational concepts that were tested and developed, to the technical capabilities that supported all elements of the team's research. Further, this article introduces the 12 articles that are included in this Special Collection.

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Lim et al. spe 483-01 page 86 bodies where scientifi c investigation is a key driver of exploration. In order to explore and collect samples underwater at Pavilion Lake, humans must, as they do in space, coordinate with unmanned robotic systems and contend with limitations associated with communications, visualization, and sampling of their environments, and their life support systems (LSS) (Lim et al., 2010). These working constraints are not simulated, but are real and inextricable from the PLRP's activities. As such, Pavilion Lake has become an important analog research environment in which to garner operational information applicable to the design of human planetary exploration strategies. The goal of this paper is to present a historical synopsis of analog science and exploration activities at Pavilion Lake with the specifi c aim of highlighting the unique contributions of the PLRP to the development of human planetary exploration strategies. To ensure that the complexity and richness of the project are properly captured in this paper, two appendices are included that document some of the PLRP's additional initiatives and activities (e.g., education and public outreach).

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