Natural resource professionals are increasingly faced with the challenges of cultivating community-based support for wetland ecosystem restoration. While extensive research efforts have been directed toward understanding the biophysical dimensions of wetland conservation, the literature provides less guidance on how to successfully integrate community stakeholders into restoration planning. Therefore, this study explores the social construction of wetlands locally, and community members' perceptions of the wetland restoration project in the Cache River Watershed of southern Illinois, where public and private agencies have partnered together to implement a large-scale wetlands restoration project. Findings illustrate that the wetlands hold diverse and significant meanings to community members and that community members' criteria for project success may vary from those identified by project managers. The case study provides managers with strategies for building community commitment such as engaging local citizens in project planning, minimizing local burdens, maximizing local benefits, and reducing uncertainty.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a dietary supplement (Fortisip, Cow & Gate Ltd) on the body weight, triceps skinfold thickness and mid‐arm muscle circumference of low weight, elderly, demented hospital residents. The height and weight of all residents (n = 293) of the Care of the Elderly wards of a large psychiatric hospital were measured, and body mass index (BMI) calculated for each individual. Forty‐six underweight residents (BMI 15.1–19.9) were matched by age, sex and BMI and randomly allocated to receive the supplement or an acaloric vitamin placebo. There were significant increases in mean weight (P< 0.001), mid‐upper‐arm muscle circumference (P<0.05) and triceps skinfold thickness (P< 0.001) in the supplemented group (n= 23). None of these measures of nutritional status changed significantly in the placebo group (n= 23). A high proportion of elderly demented hospital residents are underweight. The addition of a dietary supplement produced a highly significant increase in mean body weight as a result of increases in both body fat and muscle protein.

Aim:We test a new species distribution modelling (SDM) framework, while comparing results to more common distribution modelling techniques. This framework allows for the combination of presence-only (PO) and presence-absence (PA) data and accounts for imperfect detection and spatial bias in presence data. The new framework tested here is based on a Poisson point process model, which allows for predictions of population size. We compared these estimates to those provided by experts on the species. Species and Location: Presence data on Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) throughout its range from southern México to northern Colombia were used in this research, primarily from the years 2000 to 2016. Methods: Four SDM frameworks are compared as follows: (1) Maxent, (2) a presenceonly (PO) SDM based on a Poisson point process model (PPM), (3) a presence-absence (PA) SDM also based on a PPM and (4) an Integrated framework which combines the previous two models. Model averaging was used to produce a single set of coefficient estimates and predictive maps for each model framework. A hotspot analysis (Gi*) was used to identify habitat cores from the predicted intensity of the Integrated model framework. Results: Important variables to model the distribution of Baird's tapir included land cover, human pressure and topography. Accounting for spatial bias in the presence data affected which variables were important in the model. Maxent and the Integrated model produced predictive maps with similar patterns and were considered to be more in agreement with expert knowledge compared to the PO and PA models.Main conclusions: Total abundance as predicted by the model was higher than expert opinion on the species, but local density estimates from our model were similar to available independent assessments. We suggest that these results warrant further validation and testing through collection of independent test data, development of more precise predictor layers and improvements to the model framework.

The sediment filtering capabilities of giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Chapm.) and forest riparian buffers were compared in a southern Illinois, USA non tile drained agricultural watershed. Giant cane, a bamboo species, serves as important wildlife habitat throughout its native range in the southeastern and lower midwestern United States. Overland flow samples were collected at the field edge and at 3.3 m, 6.6 m, and 10.0 m within the riparian buffers during 19 precipitation events over a 1-year period. On an annual basis, significant sediment reductions occurred by 3.3 m and 6.6 m in the cane and forest buffers, respectively. The giant cane buffer reduced incoming sediment mass by 94% within the first 3.3 m, while the forest buffer reduced sediment by 86% over 6.6 m. Within 10.0 m of the field edge, the cane and forest buffers reduced sediment mass by 100% and 76%, respectively. On a seasonal basis, the cane buffer outperformed the forest buffer. During each of the four seasons, the cane buffer reduced sediment masses within 3.3 m of the field edge, while the forest buffer showed initial reductions occurring at 6.6 m during the summer, fall, and winter. No detectable reductions occurred during the spring in the forested buffer. Reductions in sediment concentrations were less evident compared to mass basis, indicating that infiltration may be a more important sediment reduction mechanism than particle settling. Both the forest and giant cane buffers had relatively high measured soil infiltration rates. Study results indicate that giant cane is an appropriate species to include in riparian buffer restoration designs for sediment control.

Nutrients in overland flow from agricultural areas are a common cause of stream and lake water quality impairment. One method of reducing excess nutrient runoff from non-point sources is to restore or enhance existing riparian areas as vegetative buffers. A field scale study was conducted to assess the ability of remnant giant cane ͑Arundinaria gigantea ͑Walt.͒ Muhl.͒ and forest riparian buffer zones to attenuate nutrients in agricultural surface runoff from natural precipitation events. Two adjacent, 10.0 m wide riparian buffers were instrumented with 16 overland flow collectors to monitor surface runoff for nitrate, ammonium, and orthophosphate. Measurements were taken at 3.3 m increments within each buffer. The forest buffer significantly reduced incoming dissolved nitrate-N, dissolved ammonium-N, total ammonium-N, and total orthophosphate masses in surface runoff by 97%, 74%, 68%, and 78 %, respectively within the 10.0 m riparian buffer. Nutrient reductions within the cane buffer were 100% for all three nutrients due to relatively high infiltration rates. Significant reductions of total ammonium-N and total orthophosphate were detected by 3.3 m in the cane buffer and at 6.6 m in the forest buffer. Results suggest that both giant cane and forest vegetation are good candidates to incorporate into riparian buffer restoration designs for southern Illinois as well as in other regions within their native range with similar climatic and physiographic conditions.

a b s t r a c tThe Isthmus of Panama, part of the planet's third largest megadiversity hotspot, and connecting the faunas of North and South America, has lost more than half of its forest due to agriculture and economic development. It is unknown to what degree the remaining forest, which is fragmented and subject to poaching, still supports the wildlife diversity found in intact forests. Here, we use camera-trap surveys to assess whether forests in Central Panama, the narrowest and most disturbed portion of the Isthmus, still have intact communities of medium-and large-bodied terrestrial mammals. During 2005-2014, we collected camera-trap survey data from 15 national parks and forest fragments on both sides of the Panama Canal, and compared these to similar data from two sites in the intact Darién National Park in Eastern Panama, the nearest available reference. We found that most sites in Central Panama -including some of the national parks -had lower mammal species richness and evenness than the reference sites, and less structurally-complex mammal communities. Forests in Central Panama had little or no apex predators and large terrestrial frugivores, with the exception of two sites directly connected to the reference site. Our results indicate that the terrestrial mammal community in forests of Central Panama is currently degraded, even inside national parks. These data provide a baseline for evaluating the success of conservation efforts to prevent the Panamanian Isthmus to become a bottleneck for movement of animals.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a dietary supplement (Fortisip, Cow & Gate Ltd) on the body weight, triceps skinfold thickness and mid-arm muscle circumference of low weight, elderly, demented hospital residents. The height and weight of all residents (n = 293) of the Care of the Elderly wards of a large psychiatric hospital were measured, and body mass index (BMI) calculated for each individual, Forty-six underweight residents (BMI 15.1-19.9) were matched by age, sex and BMI and randomly allocated to receive the supplement or an acaloric vitamin placebo. There were significant increases in mean weight (P< o.Ool), mid-upper-arm muscle circumference (P< 0.05) and triceps skinfold thickness (P< 0.001) in the supplemented group (n = 23). None of these measures of nutritional status changed significantly in the placebo group (n = 23). A high proportion of elderly demented hospital residents are underweight. The addition of a dietary supplement produced a highly significant increase in mean body weight as a result of increases in both body fat and muscle protein.

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