In this series, the most common risk factor for keratitis was contact lens wear and the most commonly isolated organism was P. aeruginosa.

An outcome of poor vision, vision loss during treatment, surgical intervention or complication of keratitis is more likely in patients with severe keratitis, keratitis related to prior ocular surface disease or older age.

In this series, keratitis related to contact lens wear became more frequent, whereas keratitis related to prior ocular surgery became less frequent. Different organism groups showed significant seasonal variations in their presentation, and bacterial resistance to cephalothin increased significantly.

Orthokeratology is a method of changing refraction in myopic patients by using rigid contact lenses to reduce the curvature of the cornea. This treatment was in use in the two cases of corneal ulcer described in this paper and appears to have contributed to the development of their disease. As with extended wear contact lenses, patients undergoing orthokeratology treatment are frequently advised to wear the orthokeratology lenses overnight increasing the risk of corneal ulceration and infection. Patients should be adequately warned of the associated risks and advised that any envisaged benefits of the procedure are temporary.

AimsTo estimate the incidence of culture-positive microbial keratitis in Queensland and analyse trends in the organisms and their sensitivities cultured from corneal scrapes, especially low-incidence organisms.MethodsRetrospective multicentre case series of all positive corneal scrapes in Queensland, Australia between 2005 and 2015. Pathology organisations in Queensland were identified by online and local directory search and agreed to participate. Digital records of scrapes provided patient demographics and culture and susceptibility results. Trends in the incidence, organisms and sensitivities were monitored with linear regression. The yearly incidence of microbial keratitis was estimated from the Queensland population.ResultsThe included corneal scrapes totalled 3182, while 1006 were excluded. The included scrapes yielded 4111 organisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common single isolate (729, 17.7%), although Gram-positive organisms were more common overall (2737, 66.6%). Fungal organisms were cultured in 6% of cases, while Acanthamoeba comprised only 1% of records. Bacterial organisms were sensitive to all recorded antibiotics in 89% of all isolates and none of the reported antibiotics showed a decreasing trend in susceptibility. The incidence of protozoal isolation decreased over time (p=0.055). Cultures positive for yeasts showed a linear increase in incidence (p=0.045) while moulds showed a spike in incidence in 2010–2012 (p=0.0008).ConclusionThe estimated incidence of microbial keratitis was 0.66 cases per 10 000 people, the rate of antibiotic susceptibility is high and stable, the incidence of keratitis secondary to protozoa is likely to be decreasing while the incidence of keratitis culturing yeast is increasing.

Aim: To investigate the expression of p63 and cytokeratins throughout the course of producing a cultivated autograft of limbal epithelial cells. Methods: A 75 year old male with a severe alkali burn to his right eye received two cultivated autografts of limbal epithelial cells on amniotic membrane followed by a corneal allograft. Immunostaining for p63 and cytokeratins was performed during ex vivo expansion with 3T3 fibroblasts, following subcultivation on amniotic membrane, and on the excised corneal button. Results: Cultures grown in the presence of 3T3 fibroblasts or on amniotic membrane displayed positive staining for keratins 14 and 19, and p63, but poor staining for keratin 3 (K3). The excised corneal button possessed a stratified epithelium of K3 positive cells residing on amniotic membrane. Conclusions: Our results document for the first time the co-expression of cytokeratins 14 and 19 with p63 in a cultivated limbal graft. These data support the conclusion that cultivated grafts of limbal epithelium contain predominantly undifferentiated cells with the potential to regenerate a normal corneal epithelium.

The AcrySof Toric IOL provides a significant improvement in postoperative astigmatism and UCVA when compared statistically with its spherical counterpart for patients with low degrees of corneal astigmatism.

Importance Contact lens microbial keratitis (CLMK) is the most common cause of microbial keratitis in our community. Background Define the trend in rate of CLMK and define patient demographics/culture results that may have a predictive value in patients with CLMK. Design Retrospective review of clinical records of patients with MK. Participants All patients with positive corneal scraping between 1999 and 2015 at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland identified through local microbiology database. Methods Trend in CLMK tested with chi‐squared test of peak 3 years vs other years and Poisson regression of interrupted time series. Patient characteristics predictive of CLMK were defined by creating a polynomial regression model by stepwise variable selection. Main Outcome Measures Yearly rate of CLMK. Results Records of 895 episodes of MK were included. The most common: risk factor was contact lens wear (324, 36.2%), isolated organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa 181, 55.9%) and treatment was monotherapy with a fluoroquinolone 172, 53%). CLMK was most common between 2009 and 2011 (49.5% vs other years 32%, P < 0.001). Poisson regression of the interrupted time series showed there was a significant decrease in the rate over time after 2010 (P < 0.001). Independent factors predictive of CLMK in multivariate regression were young age (15‐49 years) and corneal culture positive for P. aeruginosa Conclusions and Relevance The rate of CLMK in our community ranged between 32% and 50% and the rate of disease appears to have peaked during 2009 to 2011 and subsequently declined.