ABSTRACT. In this experiment, we assessed the germination and vigor of quinoa seeds packed in paper bags and stored at room temperature for 36, 85, 119, 146, 177 and 270 days. The seeds were harvested under experimental conditions in Marechal Candido Rondon, Paraná, during the 2012/13 growing seasons. Four replicates of 100 seeds each were established for each storage time, and the seeds were evaluated, on paper, based on the BOD under the following experimental temperature conditions: alternating temperatures of 20 and 30°C and a constant temperature of 25°C. The seeds from both treatments were subject to seven-hour photoperiods and 25°C under continuous darkness. The germinated seeds were counted daily for eight days after sowing, and we evaluated the percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings and the germination index. The experimental design was completely randomized using a splitplot design. Increasing the storage time decreased the percentage of germinated seeds and seed vigor due to the increased number of abnormal seedlings. Over the 430-day study period, quinoa seed germination completely declined under the experimental conditions. The final number of germinating seeds should be evaluated 7 days after the beginning of the germination test.Keywords: Germination test, temperature, photoperiod, seed vigor.Resposta de sementes de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) estocadas em diferentes temperaturas de germinação RESUMO. Neste ensaio, avaliou-se a germinação e o vigor de sementes de quinoa, acondicionadas em sacos de papel e armazenadas à temperatura ambiente durante 36, 85, 119, 146, 177 e 270 dias. Semearamse quatro repetições de 100 sementes, de cada período de armazenamento, sendo as mesmas avaliadas, sob papel, em BOD, sob as seguintes condições experimentais de temperatura: alternância de temperaturas de 20 e 30ºC e temperatura constante de 25ºC. As sementes de ambos os tratamentos foram dispostas em fotoperíodo de sete horas, adicionalmente, outras em 25ºC e escuro contínuo. A contagem de sementes germinadas foi realizada diariamente, durante oito dias após a semeadura, sendo avaliados a porcentagem de plântulas normais, anormais e o índice de velocidade de germinação. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente casualizado no esquema de parcela subdividida. Com o aumento do período de armazenamento, ocorreu diminuição do percentual de sementes germinadas e vigor das sementes, devido ao aumento do número de plântulas anormais. Durante o período de 430 dias, as sementes de quinoa perderem todo seu potencial de germinação sob as condições experimentais. A germinação total de sementes de quinoa deve ser avaliada 7 dias após o início do teste de germinação.Palavras-chave: teste de germinação, temperatura, fotoperíodo, vigor de semente.

The experiment was conducted in a protected cultivation in the Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil. The experimental design was constituted of randomized blocks with six piggery wastewater doses (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 m³ ha-1) in four repetitions. The variables evaluated were: number of tillers, plant height, dry matter, leaf area, leaf number, potassium content, phosphorus content and crude protein in the culture, leachate and soil analysis. The number of tillers increased linearly with the addition of SRW doses. At the beginning of the development of millet culture, swine raising wastewater (SRW) application causes a decrease in plant height; however, over the course of time, this management increases those values. There was an increase in the number of leaves at the beginning, and leaf area at the end of the development of millet crop. The SRW doses applied did not cause increase in phosphorus and potassium contents in plants, raising only the crude protein. The dry mass is highly influenced by the increase in SRW doses, with their highest levels in a dose of 319.75 m³ ha-1. The SRW doses cause reduction in soil pH and its constituents are not leached.

Within the field of performance of agricultural experimentation we have some obstacles related to conducting experiments, the biggest of which is the comparison between treatments with the greatest possible precision, in order to arrive at safe conclusions from the observed results. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the plot sizes and the stand determination, height at maturation, as well as soybean yield. Three areas were cultivated with soybean for this purpose. In the plant stand determination 18 plot sizes were tested, at the plant height at maturation 14 sizes were tested, and 10 sizes were tested for productivity. The characteristics measurement was performed in triplicate for each plot size, randomly distributed within each area. The characteristic mean for each plot size allowed the adjustment subjective of two regression models, one facing up and one facing down. At the point where the difference among the adjusted models reached the value of the sample standard deviation, the ideal minimum plot size was determined. The evaluation of 14.3 linear m is required in the soybean plants stand determination. It is necessary to quantify 26 plants to guarantee an ideal estimate of the soybean plants at maturity height. It is necessary crop 22 m2 plot to safeguard an ideal estimate of soybean yield.

ABSTRACT. Quinoa has been gaining attention because of its nutritional quality, low cholesterol and lack of gluten; in Brazil, the cultivation efforts in the different regions are mainly related to breeding. This study aimed to determine the genetic parameters and evaluate the productivity of the different genotypes of quinoa for detecting genotypes amenable to selection. The experiment was conducted in crop years 2010/11 and 2011/12 in environment 1 and environment 2, respectively. In environment 1, the evaluation of 61 genotypes was performed, and in environment 2, 31 genotypes were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized block with two replications; each plot measured 2.0 x 5.0 m (10 m²) and consisted of four rows spaced at 0.45 m. Data collected on the productivity, plant height at maturation and growth cycle were analyzed using an analysis of variance, average tests and estimates of the genetic parameters. The genotypes N24 and N08 were the only genotypes more productive than the other 46 genotypes, with values of productivity of 1,446.23 and 1,428.93 kg ha -1 and with a growth cycle of 117 and 111 days, respectively. The heritability values determined demonstrate the possibility of genetic gain using joint selection that involves two environments.Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa, genotypic selection, agronomic performance.Parâmetros genéticos e produtividade de quinoa no oeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil RESUMO. A quinoa possui destaque devido à sua qualidade nutricional, baixo colesterol e ausência de glúten; no Brasil, os esforços em seu cultivo, nas diferentes regiões, estão relacionados principalmente ao melhoramento. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar os parâmetros genéticos e avaliar a produtividade de diferentes genótipos de quinoa com o propósito de detectar genótipos passíveis de seleção. O experimento foi realizado nos anos agrícolas de 2010/11 e 2011/12, caracterizando ambientes 1 e 2, respectivamente. Dentro do ambiente 1, realizou-se a avaliação de 61 genótipos, no ambiente 2, foram avaliados 31 genótipos. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições, cada parcela medindo 2,0 x 5,0 m (10 m²) sendo constituída de quatro linhas espaçadas de 0,45 m. Com os dados de produtividade, altura de plantas na maturação e ciclo, foram realizadas análise de variância, teste de média e estimado os parâmetros genéticos. Os genótipos N24 e N08 foram os únicos a superar a produtividade de outros 46 genótipos, apresentando valores de produtividade de 1.446,23 e 1.428,93 kg ha -1 , com ciclo de 117 e 111 dias, respectivamente. Os valores de herdabilidade determinados demonstram a possibilidade de ganho genético com a seleção conjunta, envolvendo os dois ambientes. Palavras-chave:Chenopodium quinoa, seleção de genótipos, desempenho agronômico.