Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widely studied parasites due to its medical and veterinary importance. The parasitic infection of sheep occurs worldwide, with studies showing prevalences ranging from 1.8% in North Tunisian to 95.7% in Turkey. In this ruminant species, infection with T. gondii causes fetal death, mummification, stillbirth, the birth of debilitated animals and frequent abortion. The latter has been reported as the primary cause of economic losses in the sheep industry because of the high rates of infection. Concerns over toxoplasmosis infections in sheep, as well as the economic losses they can cause, induced this literature review. A review of the topic will provide the reader with some basic information concerning the importance of this parasite in the sheep industry in Brazil and worldwide, which might assist in controlling the disease and promptly identifying the problem in a flock, thus avoiding losses from potential abortions caused by this important parasite.
The aim of the study was to update Brazilian evidence on the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness. This systematic review is part of the Report Card Brazil Project and the search was restricted to studies published during the period from January 2018 to December 2019 in nine electronic databases. Studies with different designs, which allowed extracting information about the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness (age up to 19 years or average age up to 19 years) were included. Studies published from 2020 were not included due to the possible effect of the pandemic on this indicator and because there is no certainty as to when the pandemic will end. Of the 694 studies initially identified, 13 studies with information of 14,673 children and adolescents were included after reading titles, abstracts, full texts and references. The prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness was 26.9% (29.7% for girls; 44.6% for boys). In this search, eight different cutoff points were used to determine adequate aerobic fitness levels and five tests were used to determine aerobic fitness. Analyzing data from the present review with the previous systematic review of this project, one third of children and adolescents in Brazil meet health criteria for aerobic fitness.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the degree of uterine and ovarian development on the pregnancy rate of Girolando heifers submitted to Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI). 56 heifers, representing 100% of the category in the herd studied, were evaluated. Prior to hormonal treatment, the heifers were submitted to a gynecological evaluation employing ultrasonography, in order to measure the diameter of the uterine horns and ovaries, as well as to evaluate the presence of corpora lutea (CL) and antral follicles. Based on the finding, all animals were classified into three scores and subsequently submitted to TAI. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in pregnancy rates between the different uterine horn and ovarian scores, as well as in relation to ovarian structures. However, a statistical difference (P<0.05) was observed in the percentage of animals in anestrous within ovarian scores one, two and three (83.3%, 37.5%, and 42.8%, respectively). Concluding, uterine and ovarian development did not interfere with the pregnancy rate of Girolando heifers in the herd studied.
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