Because of the low polarity of the polymers used for manufacturing wood plastic composites (WPCs), they have low surface energy and their adhesion properties are limited. In this study, the surface modification with atmospheric pressure rotating plasma jet (APPT) of several WPCs made with different polymers is proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative for increasing their hydrophilicity and adhesion. Both the nozzle-WPC surface distance and the platform speed were varied during APPT treatment and only one pass was carried out. APPT treatment of the WPCs made with polyethylene and polypropylene removed most of the wood component and exposed the polymer to the surface, changing their chemistry, surface energy and topography. An improvement in adhesion of the WPCs to different coatings was obtained which was ascribed to the creation of new polar carbon-oxygen moieties, and the removal of wood component on the WPC surfaces. The less surface modification caused by APPT treatment of the WPC made with poly (vinyl chloride) was ascribed to its low wood content and the presence of inorganic fillers.

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Wood plastic composites (WPCs) have poor adhesion properties due to their high surface concentration in non-polar polymers. In this work, two different plasma surface treatments, low pressure plasma (LPP) and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), are proposed to increase the surface energy and adhesion property of WPC made with polyethylene (PE-WPC). After optimizing the conditions for each plasma surface treatment, the surface modifications and adhesion of PE-WPC treated with LPP and APPJ were compared. The optimal surface modifications of PE-WPC were obtained by treatment with Argon (Ar): Oxygen (O 2 ) LPP for 90 s, and with air APPJ by using a plasma nozzle-WPC surface distance of one centimeter and speed of platform of one meter per minute. Both plasma treatments produced similar chemical modifications and surface energies on the PE-WPC surface. The ablation was more important for Ar:O 2 LPP treatment, and the air APPJ treatment produced more extensive chemical modifications and more homogeneously removal of the wood component of the surface, rendering the polymer surface smoother. Adhesion of PE-WPC was similarly improved by treatment with both plasmas, from 56 N/m in the as-received to 92–102 N/m in the plasma treated PE-WPC joints. The influence of ageing at 24 °C and 40% relative humidity of the adhesive joints made with PE-WPC surface and treated with Ar:O 2 LPP and APPJ plasmas was studied. In the joints made with plasma-treated PE-WPC aged under open air for more than one day, the adhesion decreased. An adhesive strength near to that of the joint made with the as-received PE-WPC was obtained after six days. However, if the adhesive joint was created immediately after plasma treatment and peeled at different times, the adhesion was maintained and even increased, and the hydrophobic recovery of the plasma-treated PE-WPC surface was inhibited.

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