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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the pretreatment with sandblasting and deproteinization with NaOCl on bond strength (SBS), in situ conversion degree (CD) of brackets in fluorotic enamel, and enamel etching pattern. Methods: A total of 90 non-carious maxillary premolars were used. The teeth were then assigned to six experimental groups according to: enamel surface (sound and fluorotic enamel); surface treatment (Regular etch with 37% phosphoric acid [RE]; 5.2% sodium hypochlorite + phosphoric acid [NaOCl + RE]; sandblasting + phosphoric acid [sandblasting + RE]). After storage in distilled water (37°C/24h), the specimens were tested at 1 mm/min until failure (SBS). Enamel-resin cement interfaces were evaluated for CD using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The enamel-etching pattern was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Data from SBS and in situ CD values were analyzed using ANOVA two-away and Tukey test (α=0.05). The enamel etching pattern was evaluated only qualitatively. Results: For sound enamel, RE showed the highest SBS values, when compared to NaOCl + RE and Sandblasting + RE groups (p< 0.01). Regarding CD, only NaOCl + RE significantly compromised the mean DC, in comparison with other groups (p= 0.002). For fluorotic enamel, the Sandblasting + RE group significantly increased the mean SBS values, in comparison with RE group (p= 0.01) and no significant change was observed for CD (p> 0.52). Conclusions: The application of NaOCl or sandblasting associated to phosphoric acid improved the SBS of the brackets in fluorotic enamel without compromising the CD of the resin cement, with improving of enamel interprismatic conditioning.

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SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)–containing silane coupling agent and universal adhesive, used alone or in combination, on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) to zirconia after 24 hours of water storage (24h) and after 10,000 thermocycles (TC), complemented with chemical analysis of the surface to establish the presence of MDP on the surface of the zirconia after bonding procedures. Methods and Materials: Thirty computer-aided design/computed-aided manufacturing blocks of zirconia were cut into four sections (6×6×6 mm) and sintered. Zirconia sections (n=96) were assigned to 24 groups according to three factors: 1) silane (no silane, Monobond S [MBS], Monobond P [MB+]), 2) adhesive + resin cement (no adhesive + Enforce [ENF], no adhesive + RelyX Ultimate [REX], Prime&Bond Elect + Enforce [PBE/ENF], Scotchbond Universal + RelyX Ultimate [SBU/REX]), and 3) thermocycling (no thermocycling [24h], 10,000 thermocycles [TC]). Upon silane/adhesive application, cylinder-shaped matrices were filled with resin cement and light cured. Specimens were tested in μSBS (1.0 mm/min) after 24h or TC. The μSBS data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). In addition, micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the zirconia surface for immediate chemical interaction analysis (n=24). Results: For the 24h condition, PBE/ENF resulted in lower mean μSBS than both groups with silane without PBE (MBS and MB+ groups; p<0.001). SBU alone or MB+ alone and MB+ associated with SBU showed the highest mean μSBS ( p<0.001). For the TC condition, all groups showed a significant decrease in mean μSBS compared with those of 24h ( p<0.001), with the exception of MB+ associated to SBU ( p>0.05). However, the application of MB+ alone or MB+ associated to SBU resulted in higher mean μSBS ( p<0.001) after TC than the remaining TC groups. In terms of chemical interaction, only the SBU groups, alone or combined with both of the silane agents, were associated with the methacrylate groups after rinsing. Conclusions: The results of the current study support the use of an MDP-containing silane solution or an MDP-containing silane solution associated with an MDP-containing universal adhesive for bonding to air-abraded zirconia, as a more stable bonding after thermocycling.

The objective of this study is to compare the resin-enamel bond strength (mμSBS), in-situ degree of conversion (DC), and the enamel-etching pattern (SEM/EDX) of universal adhesive systems when applied to sound and fluorotic enamel. Ninety-eight human molars were sectioned into 4 parts and divided into 24 groups according to 1) enamel surface (sound or fluorotic enamel), 2) adhesive system (Clearfil Universal Bond [CUB], Futurabond U [FBU], iBond Universal [IBU], and Scotchbond Universal [SBU]), and 3) application mode (etch-andrinse [ER], active self-etch [Active-SE], and passive self-etch [Passive-SE]). Specimens were stored at 37 °C, for 24 hours and tested at 1.0 mm/ min (μSBS). Enamel-resin interfaces were evaluated for in-situ DC. The enamel-etching pattern was evaluated under a SEM/EDX. Data from mμSBS and in-situ DC was analyzed using a three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5 % level of significance. For all adhesives, the ER resulted in a statistically significant higher mean mμSBS than the passive-SE in both substrates (p < 0.001). For all adhesives, active-SE resulted in mean mμSBS (p > 0.31) and in-situ DC (p > 0.45) that were statistically similar to those obtained with the ERs in both substrates. A statistically significant, higher mean mμSBS and in-situ DC were obtained in sound enamel (p < 0.001) than in fluorotic enamel. In general, SBU showed higher mean values for mμSBS and in-situ DC compared to those of CUB and IBU (p < 0.001). ER and active-SE showed the deepest enamel-etching pattern in both substrates. A higher amount of fluor was observed in fluorotic enamel. The active application of universal adhesives in the SE-mode may be a viable alternative to increase the adhesive properties in sound and fluorotic enamel.

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To evaluate the effect of combining 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) and silane (SI) with the selfetching ceramic primer on the immediate and after 1-year of water storage on bonding efficacy, conditioning pattern (CP) and chemical interaction (CI) to the lithium disilicate. A total of 16 CAD/CAM blocks of lithium disilicate (LD) were cut into four square sections (n=64). For bonding efficacy evaluation, the LD specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=10): 1) HF+SI; 2) self-etching ceramic primer (MEP); 3) HF+MEP; 4) MEP+SI. After each treatment, an adhesive system was applied and Tygon matrices were filled with a dualcured resin cement followed by light curing. Cylinder specimens (0.8 mm∅x0.5mm) were stored in water (37 °C for 24 h or 1-year) and submitted to the μSBS test (2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test; α=0.05). CP and CI were only evaluated qualitatively. No significant difference on the μSBS was observed between groups (p=0.73), but reduced μSBS was observed after 1-year of water storage (p>0.0001). After application of HF+SI and MEP, reduction in a number of siloxane bonds was observed, suggesting the coupling of SI on the LD surface. HF or HF+MEP produced a higher dissolution of the glassy matrix than the use of MEP alone. The MEP can be an alternative to traditional ceramic treatment once the chemical interaction and long-term bond strength were similar between both groups. The association of hydrofluoric acid or silane with a self-etching ceramic primer did not add any benefits in terms of chemical interaction and bonding stability.