Introducing the topic of abdominal wall metastasis secondary to prostate cancer with a reminder of the disease's rarity, being the first published case. This article is about a 66 year old patient diagnosed with prostate cancer [cT2aNxMx iPSA: 5,6 ng/ml Gleason 3+3, (Grade 1 Group)], treated with radical prostatectomy as well as accompanied with amplified pelvic lymphadenectomy, who subsequently presented metastatic lesions to the abdominal wall diagnosed with PET/CT Gallium 68-PMSA technique and treated with abdominal metastasectomy with adequate short term results.
Introducción el cáncer es una de las mayores causas de muerte en el mundo. Se estima que entre el 16 y el 20 % de los casos de cáncer, son producidos por agentes infecciosos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sistematizar las investigaciones que describan la relación entre parásitos y cáncer.
Métodos: revisión sistemática de estudios originales, siguiendo las fases de identificación, tamización, elegibilidad e inclusión. La reproducibilidad del estudio se garantizó mediante la aplicación del protocolo de investigación por dos investigadores, de manera independiente.
Resultados: en el estudio se incluyeron 229 artículos a partir de 233.613 publicaciones identificadas en las bases de datos electrónicas. Se encontraron un total de veintisiete (27) parásitos asociados con treinta y nueve (39) tipos de cáncer. Los helmintos se constituyeron en el principal grupo de parásitos relacionados con cáncer, siendo Schistosoma haematobium el más comúnmente estudiado. Las investigaciones de tipo descriptivo (n=86) y experimental (n=75) fueron las más frecuentes, mientras que se detectaron pocos estudios de cohorte (n=3) y casos y controles (n=1). El mecanismo de carcinogénesis se estableció para 9 especies de parásitos, tres de los cuales están clasificados como agentes cancerígenos del grupo 1 (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrrini y Schistosoma haematobium) por la por la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación sobre el Cáncer (International Agency for Research on Cancer- IARC) y uno en el subgrupo 2B, que incluye a posibles agentes cancerígenos (Schistosoma japonicum).
Conclusión: se describen parásitos que no están clasificados por la IARC como cancerígenos y que pueden representar una causa importante de cáncer, por lo que dicho potencial puede estar subestimando en este grupo de organismos.
Introduction Penile carcinoma is an aggressive disease with catastrophic consequences that frequently lead to death. Therefore, further knowledge on the prognostic factors that can help identify patients in need of more aggressive treatments becomes essential.
Objective To identify the prognostic factors for lymph node (LN) involvement and tumor recurrence in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).
Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients diagnosed and treated for SCCP at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología between 2008 and 2015 were included in the sample. Cases in which no information on recurrence was available for the follow-up were excluded, as well as patients with no initial pathology and those getting penile reconstructions after cancer.Relevant data was retrieved from the medical records of each patient, and a descriptive analysis was performed. Subsequently, this data was used to apply a logistic regression model to determine the potential clinical and histopathological prognostic factors.
Results A total of 104 patients were included in the present study. The average age of the sample was 59 years, while the follow-up averaged 24 months per patient. Inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed on 61 patients (59%) during the follow-up. The logistic regression model showed that lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio [OR]: 6.7; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2–35) and poor tumor differentiation (OR: 17; 95%CI: 3.2–92) were associated with tumor recurrence. Likewise, the lymphadenectomy procedures showed that lymphovascular invasion was associated with LN involvement (OR: 3.3; 95%CI: 1.1–10).
Conclusion Lymphovascular invasion was the strongest prognostic factor observed in our sample, aiding in the prediction of inguinal LN involvement and tumor recurrence in SCCP patients.
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