Our data suggest that higher BMI is associated with higher values of SBP and DBP. Children and adolescents in the upper quartile of BMI are 1.5 times as likely to have at least one risk factor. Furthermore our data confirmed previous findings that higher levels of BMI are associated with a unfavourable risk profile for CVD risk factors.

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Background/objectives There is scarce evidence of how certain eating behaviours compromise the compliance with dietary guidelines and weight status in school-aged children. This study aims to evaluate the association of children's problematic eating behaviours with food quality and body mass index at 7 years of age. Subjects/methods Participants were children aged 7 years old from a population-based cohort study from Porto, PortugalGeneration XXI. Children's quantity and speed of ingestion, food refusal at the table and food rewards requesting were evaluated by caregiver's perception. Food consumption was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire and compared with age-appropriate guidelines. Children's weight status was assessed by objective measurements and parent's perceptions. Associations were estimated by logistic regressions (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) adjusted for maternal age, education, smoking during pregnancy, birth type, child's sex, weight-for-gestational age and sports (n = 3801). Results Children eating small amounts of food, refusing to eat at the table with the rest of the family during meals and asking for food rewards showed a higher consumption of energy-dense foods (OR = 1.51; 95% CI:1.23-1.86; OR = 1.58; 95% CI:1.16-2.16; OR = 1.56; 95% CI:1.14-2.12) and presented higher odds of consuming fruit and vegetables below recommendations (OR = 1.41; 95% CI:1.22-1.64; OR = 1.20; 95% CI:1.00-1.45; OR = 1.28; 95% CI:1.05-1.55). Children displaying these eating behaviours were less likely to be overweight/obese, hence their parents were less likely to show concern with their weight. Including food quality as covariate in the final models with obesity status did not change the associations. Conclusions Problematic eating behaviours were associated with poorer food quality (more energy-dense foods and low fruit and vegetables), but food quality does not seem to explain the association with obesity status. Parents were less likely to be concerned about their child's weight if the child ate slowly or poorly, and accordingly the odds of them being overweight or obese were lower.

Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are conditions for which hospitalizations are thought to be avoidable if effective and accessible primary health care is available. However, to define which conditions are considered ACSCs, there is a considerable number of different lists. Our aim was to compare the impact of using different ACSC lists considering mainland Portugal hospitalizations. A retrospective study with inpatient data from Portuguese public hospital discharges between 2011 and 2015 was conducted. Four ACSC list sources were considered: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), the Victorian Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions study, and Sarmento et al. Age–sex-adjusted rates of ACSCs were calculated by district (hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants). Spearman’s rho, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the information-based measure of disagreement (IBMD), and Bland and Altman plots were computed. Results showed that by applying the four lists, different age–sex-adjusted rates are obtained. However, the lists that seemed to demonstrate greater agreement and consistency were the list proposed by Sarmento et al. compared to AHRQ and the AHRQ method compared to the Victorian list. It is important to state that we should compare comparable indicators and ACSC lists cannot be used interchangeably.

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Com o presente trabalho pretende-se analisar os estudos referenciados na literatura que abordam o tema da agregação de fatores de risco biológicos e ainda analisar a hipotética relação entre a atividade física (AF) e essa agregação. O hábito de prática regular de AF tem sido associado a um estilo de vida saudável. Uma vez que os fatores de risco das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) estão já presentes na infância e adolescência e porque os níveis de AF habitual parecem exercer alguma influência nesses fatores, índices mais elevados de AF nesses períodos de vida poderão repercutir-se na redução da morbidade e mortalidade das DCV em idades adultas. Através da análise da literatura parece existir agregação de fatores de risco biológicos para as DCV, para rapazes e moças, contudo não existe ainda consenso quanto ao sexo que registra o "risco" mais elevado de agregação. Deste modo, os resultados parecem sugerir que as crianças ou adolescentes identificados com um fator de risco, devem efetuar um rastreio no sentido de verificar se possuem mais fatores de risco agregados. De acordo com os estudos referenciados na literatura não existe unanimidade quanto à relação entre a AF e a agregação de fatores de risco biológicos para as DCV.

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