El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los retos y oportunidades del turismo rural en Latinoamérica, frente a la COVID-19. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura (2020-2021) para aportar un panorama global de la situación. Los datos se contrastaron mediante un estudio de caso múltiple. Se analizó el caso del altiplano central mexicano a partir de las estrategias de adaptabilidad desarrolladas por los emprendimientos de turismo rural del territorio; de Colombia mediante una propuesta de redefinición resiliente del corregimiento de Vegalarga, zona rural en conflicto; de Brasil a partir de la articulación de una estrategia de turismo rural consciente, y de Argentina a través del análisis de las políticas públicas orientadas a la reactivación turística. Dichas estrategias de adaptación del turismo rural a la COVID-19 son resultado de las configuraciones sociales, económicas y políticas de cada contexto. Es posible identificar resultados heterogéneos y cambiantes que serán el antecedente de la redefinición del turismo rural ante la pandemia. El turismo rural es una opción de dinamización económica pospandemia, en la medida que atienda las necesidades de ocio y recreación en contextos de restricción económica, disminución de la movilidad e inseguridad psicológica provocados por la pandemia de COVID-19. El turismo rural puede contribuir a resignificar el sentido de viajar, orientándose a prácticas sostenibles y mejorando las condiciones de vida de las comunidades rurales.
The 2030 Agenda is a global action plan presented by the United Nations (UN) that establishes Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs. Conservation Units (UC) are an important element of the strategy towards nature conservation. Starting from a local approach to critically analyze these issues of global relevance, the focus of the investigation is the Dona Benta e Seu Caboclo Natural Heritage, a private conservation unit located in the municipality of Pirambu in the state of Sergipe and the community surrounding the Lagoa Redonda settlement. The study aimed to analyze the perception of the owner and the community regarding the environment, RPPN, and SDGs in order to build a critical approach to the issues that interconnect nature conservation and sustainable development. The methodology is based on the interview with the owner and a focus group with the community, carried out between January and March 2020. Following these interviews, it was ascertained that there is a divergence in how public and private lands are understood by locals: Private lands are exclusively associated with production, whilst public land is associated with conservation. Community representatives do not recognize RPPN as a conservation area, with those associated objectives. Yet, debates on the environment and sustainable development intertwined with nature conservation are recognized by everyone as a priority. In the end, it is possible to recognize the importance of strengthening a space for coexistence between the local population and the RPPN in order to implement common and transformative actions in favor of conservation, and sustainable development.
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