Summary:The petroleum has become our most important source of energy since the mid-1950s. It is due to its high energy density, easy transportability and relative abundance. However, along extraction, storage or transportation of oil, spill accidents may happen. This kind of accident causes severe impacts on the environment, being directly responsible for the destruction of the marine life, which affects the fishing and even tourism industries. Main goal of this work is related to the use of renewable sources aiming to obtain ''absorbent green materials''. These materials were synthesized by a typical phenolic resin polycondensation route using cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as main phenolic compound. Focused on keep the green characteristic of the materials, furfuraldehyde from hemicellulose was used as aldehyde and the reaction was catalyzed using a small amount of sulfuric acid. Resins were characterized using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transformed (FTIR) and density tests. In addition, contraction of the oil spilled was studied in presence of resins. Obtained results demonstrated that synthesized resins present a good chemical similarity with oil, which produces a good interaction among resins and oil, making easy the contraction of the oil spot on the water and, consequently, the removal process of oil spilled on water.
Resumo: Nanocompósitos de poli(succinato de butileno) (PBS) e argila montmorilonita organofílica foram sintetizados via polimerização in situ, em três diferentes concentrações (4, 6 e 8% em massa). Os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados por diversas técnicas. Entre elas, a difração de raios X foi útil para comprovar o aumento do espaçamento interlamelar da argila devido à incorporação das cadeias de polímero. As técnicas de análise térmica mostraram que o método de polimerização in situ gerou materiais com menores estabilidades térmicas, comparadas ao polímero puro, devido à dificuldade de crescimento das cadeias de polímero na presença da argila. A técnica de RMN de baixo campo permitiu identificar que a estrutura esfoliada predomina nos nanocompósitos. Palavras Preparation of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(Butylene Succinate) and Montmorillonite Organoclay via In Situ PolymerizationAbstract: Nanocomposites based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and organophilic montmorillonite were synthesized via in situ polymerization using three different clay compositions (4, 6 and 8 wt%). The products were characterized by several different techniques. X-ray diffraction was useful to confirm the increase of the interlayer spacing of the clay due to the presence of the polymer chains among layers. Thermal analysis indicated that the polymerization method chosen led to materials with lower thermal stability compared to the pure PBS, due to the difficulty of chain growth in the presence of the clay. Low-field NMR technique was used to assess clay dispersion in the polymer, with exfoliated structures predominating in the nanocomposites. Keywords:Poly(butylene succinate), biodegradable polymer, organophilic clay nanocomposite, in situ polymerization. IntroduçãoO desenvolvimento de materiais poliméricos biodegradáveis com boas propriedades tem se tornado o foco de pesquisas ao redor do mundo na tentativa de solucionar o problema do acúmulo de resíduos sólidos. Além disso, deseja-se reduzir a dependência de recursos fósseis para a fabricação de diversos produtos a partir do desenvolvimento de materiais poliméricos "verdes", que podem ser reciclados ou degradados em ambiente controlado [1] .Os poliésteres alifáticos têm sido considerados por muitos, como os materiais biodegradáveis mais competitivos do futuro, o que incentiva a pesquisa desse polímero por diversos grupos [2] . Estes poliésteres podem ser degradados na forma de CO 2 e H 2 O pela ação de enzimas ou micro-organismos, em condições específicas de compostagem, porém são estáveis em atmosfera normal [3] . Entre eles, o PBS é um poliéster alifático que pode ser sintetizado quimicamente por meio da policondensação do 1,4-butanodiol com o ácido succínico, ambos biomonômeros de origem renovável, obtidos a partir da biomassa, apresentando, portanto, menores custos de produção em relação aos produtos similares provenientes do petróleo [4] . Além disso, o PBS possui propriedades vantajosas, como boas resistências térmica (estável até aproximadamente 200 °C) e química (estabi...
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