This paper presents the results of the research work carried out by the authors in order to evaluate the efficiency of the composite material wraps/sleeves (made of a polymeric matrix and reinforcing fabric) used to repair steel pipelines carrying hydrocarbons upon which local metal loss defects (generated by corrosion and/or erosion processes) have been detected. The pipeline repair technologies consisting of the application of composite material wraps are perceived as being advantageous alternative solutions for substituting the conventional technologies, which require welding operations to be performed in the pipe areas with defects.
The efficiency of the composite repair systems has been investigated by assessing the reinforcement effects (the restoration level of the damaged pipe mechanical strength) generated by the applied composite wraps as a function of their geometry and mechanical properties. To that purpose, numerical models based on finite elements have been developed and certified by comparing them with the results of several experimental programs previously performed by the authors. Finite elements simulations have also been conducted in the plastic region, taking into account material non-linearity.
The calculation methods proposed in literature (among which a method previously developed by the authors) to define the composite wrap dimensions (thickness and length) for a given pipe have also been investigated and compared to our numerical results in order to select the most adequate solution for the design of the composite repair system. The optimal values for the mechanical properties of the composite material used by the repair system have also been defined.
Kandinsky's theory about shape-colour correlation stipulates that the best colour for circle is blue, for triangleyellow and for square -red. His hypothesis was based on an experiment carried-out at Bauhaus. Because the original experiment was doubtful and the following ones were inconclusive, the author organised a new experiment. The experiment was based on the assessment the appropriateness of shape-colour combination on a five-grade system. Actually, the experiment subjects gave marks (from 1 to 5) to 9 coloured figures (3 figures x 3 figures) and 9 coloured three-dimensional shapes. The new experiment did not confirm Kandinsky's hypothesis in terms of distribution of results, percentages of maximum marks and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
The original version of the book was inadvertently published with incorrect author names "A.A. Lyapin and Y.Y. Shatilov" which have to be corrected as "A.A. Lyapin, Y.Y. Shatilov and A.A. Lyapin Jr." in Chapter 5 and "G.I. Lvov" has to be corrected as "I. Lvov" throughout the book. The erratum book has been updated with the changes.
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