The effect of the gas flow rate (10–320 cm3 min−1) on the process of ozone formation in both positive and negative corona discharges has been studied using a coaxial cylindrical system of electrodes fed by dry CO2. The source of ozone is electron impact dissociation of carbon dioxide to liberate oxygen atoms and their subsequent formation of oxygen molecules, which may then form ozone by the well-known Chapman mechanism. Small increases in flow rate were found to cause a major increase in the discharge current measured in the negative corona discharge. This effect was found to correspond to observed changes in the ozone concentration within the discharge and is a consequence of dissociative electron attachment to ozone leading to negative ion formation in the discharge. In contrast no direct effect of ozone on the positive corona discharge current was observed. The observed increase in average positive ion mobility in the positive corona is ascribed to the conversion of ions into more mobile ions. Considerably higher ozone concentrations (up to 100 ppm) were found in the negative corona discharge. The effect of the geometry of the system was also explored by using three different stainless steel outer electrodes with diameters of 10, 15 and 27 mm. Ozone concentrations were found to decrease significantly with increasing radius of the outer electrode at the same average input energy density.
Background: The additional benefits of certain frequently used chronic drugs such as statins or aspirin are investigated for their possible effect of influencing various types of cancer, including gastric cancer. The possible role of statins in the occurrence of pre-neoplastic gastric lesions has not been investigated. Aim: The study aims to determine the influence of chronic statin therapy on premalignant gastric lesions (glandular atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia), adjusted with the most important aggressive environmental factors of the gastric mucosa (Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] infection, low-dose aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid, ASA], biliary reflux, smoking, alcohol consumption). Method: The study included 566 patients with cardiovascular diseases who underwent an upper endoscopy: 222 patients with chronic statin therapy (atorvastatin 20–80 mg/day or rosuvastatin 5–20 mg/day for at least 6 months) and 344 patients without statin intake. A complete set of biopsies from the gastric antrum and corpus were routinely processed and examined, and demographical, clinical, and pathological variables were recorded. Results: Active H. pylori infection in gastric biopsies (p = 0.45), biliary reflux (p = 0.74), alcohol consumption (p = 0.43), or prior ulcer disease (p = 0.07; OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.33–1.04) were not associated with an increased risk for premalignant lesions, neither in the statin, nor the no-statin group. Smoking was associated with premalignant lesions in both groups (p = 0.01; OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.12–4.47; and p = 0.04; OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.01–2.94, respectively), while chronic use of ASA had no influence (p = 0.24, respective p = 0.35). In multivariate regression models, chronic treatment with statins had a protective effect (p = 0.006; OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8), while smoking (p = 0.01; OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.17–3.39) and age >50 years (p <0.01, OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.84–5.21) were predictors for pre-neoplastic lesions. H. pylori infection, gender, alcohol consumption, biliary reflux, or prior ulcer disease were not associated with premalignant lesions (p >0.05). Conclusions: In the studied population, chronic statin treatment seems to be associated with a decreased risk for premalignant gastric lesions, while age over 50 years and smoking, regardless of gender or ASA consumption, remain the most important risk factors for premalignant gastric lesions.
The Story Telling Engine for Learning Ambience of create21st century: How to create effective and involving Virtual Learning Worlds? Authors: Ursula Neulinger-Head of Marketing create21st century Andreea R. Stoica-Business Development Manager create 21st century Users of today want to be able to move intuitively and quickly in an online learning offer or e-learning course. The virtual learning world is a tool for making the navigation within a complex and ever-growing learning offer simple, clear and, above all, interesting! Just like IT professionals, newcomers to IT also find their way around these virtual worlds very successfully due to the kinaesthetic approach. This is a virtual place which begins to convey statements and content immediately upon entry and navigation, and the spatial design of the interface is designed accordingly. The learning environments allow the user to allocate the content offer correctly, and several "paths to knowledge" are enabled for different types of learners. Learning content is thus conveyed together with image, brand values, sales arguments and corporate culture. In 2007, 2013 and 2014 create21st century received the e-Learning Award from the German e-learning Journal for the concept of the virtual world of learning and our "Storytelling Engine" technology for the Oxford School, Silhouette World of Learning and for the Bank Austria UniCredit Academy. The Story Telling Engine for Learning Ambience has been constructed based on didactical, dramaturgical and design technical criteria. Clients such as Nestl?, the AUDI Academy and many more are already using the create21st century learning worlds successfully in their commercial operations. In this paper create 21st century will not only present the Storytelling Engine for Learning Ambience as a technical innovation, but also the principles our virtual learning worlds are based on through the homogenous mixture of the 3D's: Didactics, Dramaturgy and Design. The success recipe relies on a didactically target group optimal structuring of the learning content, a motivational dramaturgy curve achieved through storytelling and gamification elements and an intuitive design focused on achieving a perfect LEARNING & USER EXPERIENCE. Our technological and conceptual approach will be presented through concrete case studies such as the Virtual World of Audi and the Bank Austria UniCredit Academy.
Microbes on a chip: How microfluidics can help us better understand and engineer electroactive microbes EEU is a relatively newly discovered process in microbiology. The Bose research group is bringing an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind EEU and how it can be engineered to provide potential solutions to the climate crisis. These solutions come from the capacity of some EEU-capable microbes to use chemical energy (chemoautotrophs) or light energy (photoautotrophs) in a process like photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into biomass. EEU-capable chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs are quite common in nature and could not only be used to remove CO2 from the environment but also to concurrently produce bioplastics or biofuels through microbial electrosynthesis.
AbstAbstract Gaucher disease is the most frequent lysosomal storage disease
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