Im Bereich des Verkehrswasserbaus werden Betonoberflächen durch Hydroabrasion in unterschiedlicher Intensität beansprucht (z. B. Tosbecken, Wehrrücken). Eine Beschreibung der Einwirkung bei und des Betonwiderstandes gegenüber Hydroabrasion ist im derzeitigen Regelwerk der EN 206‐1 bzw. EN 206 nicht und im nationalen Anwendungsdokument zur EN 206‐1, der DIN 1045‐2, nur ansatzweise enthalten. Das wasserbauspezifische Regelwerk der ZTV‐W LB 215 für den Neubau bzw. LB 219 für die Instandsetzung greift derzeit im Wesentlichen auf die Regelungen der DIN 1045‐2 zu den XM‐Klassen zurück. Bei der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW) in Karlsruhe wird im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens in Zusammenarbeit mit Forschungseinrichtungen das Ziel verfolgt, diese Regelungen für Betonausgangsstoffe, Betonzusammensetzungen und Betoneigenschaften zur Sicherstellung eines hinreichenden Widerstandes gegenüber Hydroabrasion zu verifizieren. Bestandteil dessen ist die Erarbeitung einer Klassifizierung analog zur Expositionsklassensystematik der DIN 1045‐2 für die Hydroabrasionsbeanspruchung. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die aktuellen Aktivitäten zur Beschreibung der Einwirkung durch Hydroabrasion dar.
Hydroabrasive exposure of hydraulic structures
In the field of waterways engineering concrete surfaces are exposed to hydroabrasion in different intensity (e. g. stilling basin, weir body). A description of the exposure to and the concrete's resistance against hydroabrasion is not included in the current European standard EN 206‐1 respectively EN 206. In the German National Application Document (DIN 1045‐2) used with EN 206‐1 it is only considered rudimentarily. The specific regulations for hydraulic engineering regarding construction (ZTV‐W LB 215) and repair (ZTV‐W LB 219) refer to the regulations of DIN 1045‐2 for exposure of concrete to wear (XM). A research project of the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute in Karlsruhe, in collaboration with different research institutes, pursuits to verify these regulations for concrete constituent materials, concrete mix design and concrete properties to assure a sufficient resistance of the concrete against hydroabrasion. The formulation of a classification in line with the system of exposure classes for concrete exposed to wear according to DIN 1045‐2 is an integral part of this project. The following contribution presents the current activities to characterise the exposure to hydroabrasion.
This paper deals with the service life design of existing reinforced concrete structures in a marine environment. The general procedure of condition assessment for estimating the residual service life of structures before a repair measure is illustrated. For assessment of the residual service life of structures which have undergone a repair measure a simplified mathematical model of chloride diffusion in a 2-layer system is presented. Preliminary probabilistic calculations demonstrate the effect of various conditions on the residual service life. First studies of the chloride diffusion in a 2-layer system have been conducted using the finite element method. Results of a long-term exposure test are presented to illustrate the performance of two different repair materials. The distribution of residual chlorides after application of a repair material is being studied in laboratory investigations. The residual chlorides migrate from the concrete layer into the new layer immediately after the repair material has been applied to the concrete member. The content and gradient of residual chlorides, along with the thickness and the chloride ingress resistance of both the remaining and the new layer of cover, will determine the residual service life of the repaired structures.
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