This article presents an interdisciplinary methodology that provides decision makers with key figures on the reliability of ageing structures in transport infrastructures. The methodology is closely connected to ongoing discussions about proactive and sustainable maintenance strategies under increasing economic and ecological pressures. Since the infrastructures of the main modes of transport in Germany, that is, roads, railways and waterways, pose similar challenges to the responsible governmental authorities and administrations, the development of the methodology presented in this article is embedded in the research programme 'BMVI Network of Experts'. Under the premises of the research programme, the methodology provides a step-by-step approach to creating a profound knowledge base which is required for the reliability assessment of ageing infrastructures. The methodology aims at generating meaningful key figures about the structural condition of an assessed asset for a risk-informed maintenance strategy. The examples of a condition assessment procedure based on a fuzzy criticality recommendation and a screening tool for ranking a large number of structures using operative reliability indices illustrate how the interdisciplinary methodology allows the development of user-friendly tools to support and facilitate the management of infrastructure maintenance in the responsible governmental entities.
Number of existing infrastructure assets of the waterway infrastructure portfolio, built prior to the1900s is still in use today. While these infrastructures have already exceeded their expected service lifetime of 100 years, they are exhibiting complex deterioration mechanisms that do not only impair their structural reliability as well as availability, but also pose substantial threats to the social and economic growth of Germany. In response to ongoing degradation processes, associated to combined effects of aggressive environmental stressors, operating conditions and deferred maintenance, a Maintenance Management System (EMS-WSV) has been set up from 2008 by the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW). Condition grades developed within the EMS-WSV serve for decision making regarding maintenance interventions. However, these condition grades do not sufficiently address the effects of deterioration mechanisms on the structural reliability of waterway infrastructure assets and the emerging risk of infrastructure failure is not also taken into account. The aim of the present paper is to use a very simple approach, namely the Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (Fuzzy-FMEA), to derive additional key figures, taking into account the aforementioned shortcomings. The proposed approach is implemented in this research to rank seven navigation locks of the Main-Danube-Canal (MDK) for maintenance interventions. Due to the complexity of their structural design, reinforced concrete infrastructures pose the most serious risks of infrastructure failure. Thus, fatigue induced-damage, corrosion of the steel reinforcements and inaccuracies in load assumptions are identified as main causes of failure that may hinder the load carrying capacity of these structures.
Im Zusammenhang mit der Planung von Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen an Bauwerken der Bundeswasserstraßen stellt das BAWMerkblatt „Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit bestehender Verschlüsse im Stahlwasserbau (TbVS)“ ein Verfahren zur Verfügung, das anhand einer Robustheitsbewertung Informationen über die Tragsicherheit und das Tragverhalten von beschädigten Stahlwasserbauten liefert. Kennzahl der Robustheitsbewertung ist die Traglast des Tragwerks. Der Beitrag stellt den Analyseablauf vor, mit dem im Rahmen der Robustheitsbewertung die Traglast für die gängigen Tragsysteme von stählernen Wehrverschlüssen mittels numerischer Verfahren berechnet wird. Nach einer Einführung zur Notwendigkeit von Robustheitsbewertungen für die bestehenden stählernen Verschlussorgane der Bundeswasserstraßen und der Erläuterung des zugrunde liegenden Sicherheitskonzepts folgt die Beschreibung des Analyseablaufs für die numerische Ermittlung der Traglast und ihrer Plausibilisierung. Zur Quantifizierung der Robustheitsbewertung wird der Schädigungsgrad D eingeführt. Drei Beispiele an jeweils unterschiedlichen Tragsystemen verdeutlichen anschließend das schrittweise Vorgehen bei der Traglastanalyse und der Berechnung des Schädigungsgrads. Die abschließende Zusammenfassung zeigt die Bedeutung des Verfahrens für die bauwerksübergreifende Instandhaltungsplanung auf.
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