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While lithium-ion batteries dominate the field of high-energy-density applications, a variety of promising alternative battery technologies exist that might be suitable for various application purposes. Their requirements may vary considerably, e.g., for stationary batteries they are significantly different from those of traction batteries in electric vehicles, i.e., low installation and lifetime cost and a long cycle life are the key parameters for the former ones. Here, we review the recent developments of dual-ion battery (DIB) and particularly of dual-graphite battery technologies, which may be considered as sustainable option for grid storage. We present the progress and challenges of DIB materials and electrolytes, especially with respect to performance parameters, e.g., energy density and cycling stability as well as cost. We discuss the major challenges for practical application and critically evaluate the DIB technology along with an assessment of the potential to fulfill the targets for grid storage.

In this contribution, we report for the first time a novel potassium ion-based dual-graphite battery concept (K-DGB), applying graphite as the electrode material for both the anode and cathode, in combination with an ionic liquid electrolyte.

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Graphitized carbon materials from biomass resources were successfully synthesized with an iron catalyst, and their electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was investigated. Peak pyrolysis temperatures between 850 and 2000 °C were covered to study the effect of crystallinity and microstructural parameters on the anodic behavior, with a focus on the first-cycle Coulombic efficiency, reversible specific capacity, and rate performance. In terms of capacity, results at the highest temperatures are comparable to those of commercially used synthetic graphite derived from a petroleum coke precursor at higher temperatures, and up to twice as much as that of uncatalyzed biomass-derived carbons. The opportunity to graphitize low-cost biomass resources at moderate temperatures through this one-step environmentally friendly process, and the positive effects on the specific capacity, make it interesting to develop more sustainable graphite-based anodes for LIBs.