Abstract:The uncertainty management theory has become well established over the last 20-30 years. However, the authors suggest that it does not fully address why opportunities often remain unexploited. Empirical studies show a stronger focus on mitigating risks than exploiting opportunities. This paper therefore addresses why so few opportunities are explored in large projects. The theory claims that risks and opportunities should be equally managed in the same process. In two surveys, conducted in six (private and public) companies over a four-year period, project managers stated that uncertainty management is about managing risk and opportunities. However, two case studies from 12 projects from the same companies revealed that all of them had their main focus on risks, and most of the opportunities were left unexploited. We have developed a theoretical explanation model to shed light on this phenomena. The concept is a reflection based on findings from our empirical data up against current project management, uncertainty, risk and stakeholder literature. Our model shows that the threshold for pursuing a potential opportunity is high. If a potential opportunity should be considered, it must be extremely interesting, since it may require contract changes, and the project must abandon an earlier-accepted best solution.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how tracking of products by the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology may describe customer behaviour in real-time. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted as a field experiment, where a commercially available RFID platform was deployed in the fitting rooms of a fashion retail store. Findings The study demonstrates an application of in-store RFID tracking to describe customer behaviour, and some practical challenges of utilising such technology. An example typology of four fitting room traits was constructed based on the data collected. Practical implications Different customer types most likely require and respond differently to attention from the personnel operating the fitting room area. By identifying customer behaviour in real-time, it is possible to deliver “best practice” shop stewardship and create a more personalised retail experience. Originality/value The study is based on real-life retail settings, rather than anecdotal management observations or economic and demographic indicators. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, few contributions combine RFID and consumer behaviour outside conceptual work or laboratory experiments.

For rAAA, we found substantial geographical variations in incidence, surgery and patient outcome. These results highlight the need for increased awareness about the condition and suggest ways to improve care trajectories to reduce delay to surgery, thereby minimising rupture mortality.

The worldwide 2009 estimates for the average annual per-capita effective radiation dose from medicine have doubled during the past 15 years. This has increased the concern for patients as radiation sources. The existing evidence indicates that the amount of radiation is small; but there are few empirical studies with results documenting the actual extent. In this study, we examined the radiation from 48 patients undergoing nuclear medical examination. 20 patients were examined with bone scintigraphy, 20 underwent MUGA, while the remaining 8 went through octreotide scintigraphy procedure. At 0.25 meters from the patient, the radiation ranged from 31±9 µSvh -1 for octreotide scintigraphy patients (111-In as agent), 69±13 µSvh -1 for bone scintigraphy (99mTc), to 92±26 µSvh -1 for the MUGA patients (99mTc). On the basis of these findings and others, one may consider current practices regarding waiting and using led shielding in areas where appropriate. Perhaps, and more important, these results could be used to improve patient and staff education. Better information material with more evidence will reduce undue anxiety.